NUX VOMICA.
SKIN.
►
A reddish eruption came out on the body,
on the shoulders particularly (after
five to six days), [24]. ►► *Small painful swellings on the forehead,
[1]. ►
A crack in the middle of the lower lip (after twelve hours), [1]. ►
The fingers are red in spots and seem frozen, at a mild time of the
year, with burning itching, especially when he goes into a warm room or
in bed, [1]. [1310.] ►
Itching rash on the arms, with smarting after rubbing, [1]. ► Skin of
face, neck, and chest, greatly congested (after three-quarters of an
hour), [53]. ►
Eruption, though without itching, lasting fourteen days, on the inner
side of the right forearm, [5]. ► Burning-itching rashlike eruption on the
knee, [1]. ► Eruptions, Dry. ►
A kind of dry scurf, very itchy, appeared on the face (after five to
six days), [24]. ► Itching pimples above the margin of the
upper lip, [1]. ► Red pimples raised above skin, on face
and forehead, smarting on washing in cold water, [34]. ► Red
painful pimples or papules on the scalp and face, the tips of which at
last fill with pus, [1]. ► *Painful desquamation of the lips
(after three hours), [1]. ► A pimple, painful only when touched, in
the skin of the lower jaw, [1]. [1320.] ►
*Eruption of itching pimples, the larger of which are surrounded by
redness, on the chin, [1].
► Burning-itching rash on both
thighs, during menses, [1]. ► Itching-biting pimples on the nates, [1]. ►
Corrosive itching eruption, on the pudenda, [1]. ► Eruptions,
Moist and Pustular. ►
Itching eruptions, [18]. ► Eruptions, with itching burning, [1]. ►
Some pustules on the cheeks, [1]. ► Eruption of pustules as large as
millet-seeds, about the lips, [1].
► Ulcerative scurf on the margins of
the lips, an eruption that, while appearing, causes sticking pain, [1]. ►
Corners of the lips ulcerated, [1].
[1330.] ►
An ulcer, with a scab and burning pain, on the red of the lips, [1]. ►
Tetterlike eruption on the chin, [1].
► Hot swelling on the thumb, painful
to touch, that by the joint develops into an abscess, [1]. ► A boil
on the anterior portion of the thigh (after six hours), [1]. ► A boil
on the thigh, with violent sticking pain (after twenty-four hours), [1]. ►
Boils on the posterior portion of the thigh (after twelve and thirty
hours), [1]. ►
Tearing pain in the ulcer on the thigh if exposed to the open air, but
if protected from the air and covered the pain disappears (after four
and twenty hours), [1]. ► A kind of small boil on the knee, that
makes the whole foot stiff, [1]. ► Inflamed redness about a previous ulcer
on the leg, when walking and on other motions, [1]. ► Sensations.
► Excessive itching all over the body,
extending afterwards to the head (after four to five days), [26]. [1340.]
► Insensibility of the skin, [66]. ►
Terrible pricking, stinging, and itching of the skin, so much
so that she had to take off all her clothes to scratch herself (after
four to five days), [31]. ► Jerking and twitching under the skin of
the limbs, [1]. ► Burning-itching stitches in various parts
of the body, [5]. ► Biting itching here and there, especially
on the outer portions of the body, on the limbs and joints, in the
evening, after lying down (after four hours), [1]. ► Burning
itching over the whole body, in the evening, in bed, [1]. ► Burning
itching over the whole body, [1]. ► Fine burning-itching sticking (like
needle stitches) here and there in the skin, as from fleas in the
evening, after lying down (after five and a half days), [1]. ► Burning
itching on the upper arms, thighs, abdomen, and back, in the morning,
while dressing, and in the evening, while undressing, and even at night,
[1]. ►
(Sensitiveness of the skin of the whole body, as if it were sore; on
touch, it seems as if different places were asleep), [1]. [1350.] ► Crawling from the feet upward, [1]. ►
Crawling in the skull externally, [1].
► (Itching and gnawing on the scalp
and nape of the neck, as if an ulcer were healing, especially in the
forenoon), [1]. ► Itching and crawling in the face, as if
fleas were creeping about, disappearing on scratching, but soon
returning, [5]. ► Crawling on the forehead and vertex, [1]. ►
Pain in the skin, above the left eye, as if it had been burned, [5]. ►
Itching of the lids, towards the inner canthus, in the evening (after
twelve hours), [1]. ► Itching in the forepart of the lids
(after one hour and a half), [1]. ► *Soreness, as if ulcerated, of the margins of
the nostrils, on moving the nose, especially in the evening, [1]. ►
Itching as though the arm were falling asleep, though without prickling,
followed by a sensation of contraction, [1].
[1360.] ►
Itching on the finger-joints, [1].
► Biting itching on the glans penis
(after two hours), [1]. ► Itching on the glans penis, in the
morning, [1]. ► Itching on the glans penis (after two
hours), [1]. ►
Corrosive itching on the glans penis, in evening and morning, [1]. ►
Burning itching on the posterior portion of the glans penis (after six
hours), [1]. ►
Itching on the perineum, after the midday nap (after sixteen hours), [1]. ►
Itching on the scrotum (after two hours), [1]. ► Itching
on the thighs, when walking, [1]. ► Itching on the left thigh and foot,
especially in the evening, when getting into bed, [5]. [1370.] ► Itching in the hollows of the knees, in
the morning; he was obliged to scratch, [1].
► Itching on the leg, at some
distance from the ulcer, [1]. ► Itching in the toes, as if the limbs had
been frozen (after one hour), [1].
► Itching burning in the toes, as from
freezing, in a mild time of the year, especially if he goes
into a warm room or in bed, [1].
SLEEP.
►
Sleepiness. ► A
long-continued attack of yawning, followed by great weakness (after one
hour), [1]. ► *Yawning, in the morning, immediately after
rising (after sixteen hours), [1].
► *She was constantly yawning and sleepy,
during the day, so that she was unable to be wide awake, [1]. ►
Yawning, that causes cough, [1]. ► Much yawning and stretching, in the
afternoon, [2]. ► Sleepiness (after one hour), [1]. [1380.]
► *Almost irresistible sleepiness, for
several hours after eating (after five hours), [1]. ► Unusual
sleepiness during the day, as from stupefaction of the head, [1]. ►
*Very pleasant, almost overpowering, sleep, late in the morning
(after twenty hours), [1]. ► Sleepiness, till midnight, with a
sensation of heat, without thirst (after twelve hours), [1]. ►►
*Great sleepiness, in the evening, with yawning, two hours before
bedtime; in the bed he immediately fell asleep; woke, after midnight,
for a long time, then slept till late in the morning, with vivid dreams
full of the events of the previous day; in the morning he did not wish
to rise, [1]. ► (He slept well), (first night), [53]. ►
*Difficult waking, in the morning, [1]. ► *Great
aversion to rising, in the morning, without knowing why
(after twelve hours), [1]. ► *Inclination to lie down again, in the morning,
[1]. ►
*Inclined to lie down, in the forenoon, [2]. [1390.] ► Inclination to sleep, before dinner,
about 11 A.M., [1]. ► Sleeplessness. ►
Delirious; frightful ravings at night, [1].
► Starting up in fright, on falling
asleep, [1]. ► Starts up in fright from sleep, so that
he does not wake to complete consciousness, [1]. ►
Starting from sleep at night, and during the day while awake, [1]. ►
(He sprang from bed delirious, during the evening nap), [1]. ►
Affright, and jerking through the whole body, like an electric shock, in
the afternoon nap, as if he would fall to the ground, [1]. ► He
dreams and talks aloud, in the midday nap, [5]. ►
Unintelligible prattling at times in a morose or complaining tone, in
sleep, before midnight, [1]. ► Anxious whining prattling, in sleep, very
early in the morning (in the fourth hour), followed by the emission of
flatus (after ten hours), [1]. [1400.] ► He woke in fright at the slightest noise,
[1]. ►
Waking early, at night, with apprehension, [1]. ► Waking,
at night, from horrible dreams (after ten hours), [1]. ► Sobbing
moaning in sleep, [1]. ► Uneasiness and anxiety, in the evening,
after lying down, so that he was constantly obliged to stretch out the
limbs (after eight hours), [1]. ► Uneasiness in the arms, at night, which
at one time he wishes to cover, at another to uncover, [1]. ►
Uneasiness in all the limbs, before midnight, and an almost voluptuous,
agreeable, but intolerable sensation that prevents falling asleep, that
always wakes him if he tries to fall asleep, and compels him to
alternately draw up and stretch out the legs, [1]. ► Very
great uneasiness, at night, without pain (after twelve hours), [1]. ►
*He lies, at night, on the back, with one or both arms stretched above
the head; talks in sleep, and wakes,
after midnight, between 2 and 3 o’clock, [1]. ► *He lies on
the back, during sleep, with head bent backward, the arms above the
head, so that the hands lie on the nape of the neck, [1]. [1410.]
► *He always seeks to lie on the back,
during sleep, especially to lie with the head low (after
thirty-six hours), [1]. ► *He lies mostly on the back, during sleep, with
one or the other arm under the head, [1]. ► *Snoring
inspiration in sleep, before midnight, as if the posterior nares or
palate were constricted and drawn together, [1]. ► *Loud
snoring respiration, in sleep, before midnight, [1]. ►
The patient sleeps little and uneasily at night, [45]. ► Sleep
agitated, and attended with convulsive movements from time to time
(third day), [44]. ► Sleep restless and full of care, [1]. ►
The night seemed too long and wearisome, with a kind of stupid slumber
(coma), with dreams full of strife and excitement, [1]. ► He
falls asleep late in the evening, kept awake by many conflicting ideas, [1]. ►
Slept after taking, but not very soundly, for an hour and a half, his
rest interrupted by dreams, some of which were of a delightful
description, [58]. [1420.] ►
Sleepiness, only in the morning, after daybreak, [1]. ►
He is able to sleep only from 11 to 1, and is
obliged to rise as early as 3 o’clock, [1]. ► She was
unable to sleep at night, or if she slumbered a little she had frightful
dreams, from which she woke to remain awake for hours, and if she could
fall asleep she had other frightful dreams, and after waking knew what
she had dreamed, [1]. ► He woke frequently at night, and could
not easily sleep again; when he slept he had very vivid dreams, [1]. ►
Falling asleep late in the evening (after two hours), [1]. ►
Complained of its bitterness, slept about five minutes, and then awoke,
crying “I am burning,” [62].
► Dreams. ► *Frightful images, causing fear, in a dream,
[1]. ►
Dreams that he is very much engaged in absorbing occupations, [1]. ►
Dream that all the teeth fell from the mouth, [1]. ► Dreams
that teeth are falling out, [41]. [1430.] ►
Dreams that the filling of the teeth is falling out, [41]. ► Dreams
of sick or mutilated people, [1]. ► Indifference in a dream of horrible
mutilations and lacerations (after six hours), [1]. ► Dreams,
causing terror (as, for example, of wild beasts), [1]. ►
Disagreeable dreams of things that happened or were talked about the day
before, [1]. ►
Dream of lice and vermin, [1]. ► Half-waking dream, at night, accompanied
by fatiguing thought (after a few hours), [1].
► Very anxious dreams and weeping, in
sleep, [1]. ►
Sad fantasies while half awake, at night, as, for example, of the heads
of deceased acquaintances without bodies, [1].
FEVER.
►
Chilliness. ► Skin cold, [20]. [1440.]
► He cannot get warm in bed, at
night, [2]. ► *Coldness of the whole body, with blue hands, without gooseflesh, [1]. ►
*Coldness of the whole body, with blueness of the skin (after
one hour), [1]. ► Could not get warm, [1]. ► Great
coldness, relieved neither by the warmth of the stove nor in bed, [1]. ►
Cold hands, [7]. [See S. 1590 and
note there. -Hughes.] ► Cold moist
hands, with cold tip of the nose, [1].
► Sudden coldness of either the arms
and hands or of the legs and feet, in the afternoon, not removed by any
motion, [1]. ►
Great coldness, at least of the limbs, without thirst, [1]. ►
Coldness of the thighs, at night; she could not get them warm even in
bed, [1]. [1450.]
► Coldness of the feet, in the
morning, [1]. ► The feet, and, soon afterwards, all the
toes, began to feel cold and stiff (after about an hour), [45]. ► The
general warmth of the body gradually diminishes (the fire seems to go
out), [1]. ►
Violent chill, with chattering of the teeth, [1]. ►
Shivering and chilliness for an hour from the slightest contact of the
open air (with pain in the back), (after one hour), [1]. ► She is
chilly in the evening, in bed, before she falls asleep, and also if she
wakes; it seems as if she could not get warm in bed; not chilly during
the day, [1]. ► Violent shaking chill, without externally
perceptible coldness, in the whole body, lasting half an hour, followed
by cramplike contraction of the toes and soles of the feet, [1]. ►
Violent shaking chill, lasting three-quarters of an hour, followed by
violent heat and moist skin, [67].
► Shaking chill (immediately), [49]. ►
Violent chill, in bed, but towards morning sweat, preceded by crawling
in the skin, [1]. [1460.] ►
Tossing about the bed and coldness, at night, not relieved by the warmth
of the bed, [1]. ► Chilliness, in the morning after rising,
for several days in succession, [1].
► Chilliness, on the slightest motion
(after one hour), [1]. ► Chilly and cold, after dinner, [1]. ►
Chilliness, after dinner and supper, [1].
► Chilliness, without thirst, [1]. ►
Chilliness, [1]. ► After the shivering, sleep, then again
shivering, with coldness of the toes (after sixteen hours), [1]. ►
Chilly sensation about the head from time to time, [1]. ►
Creeping chilly sensation over the face, [1].
[1470.] ►
Chilly sensation (coldness) of the face, and about the head, [1]. ►
Creeping chills over the chest, with tensive pain, [1]. ►►
*Sensation of chilliness on the back and limbs, in the morning, with
painfulness of the skin, as if it had been frozen, and a sensation of
falling asleep in the limbs, like that caused by cold weather, in the
morning, [1]. ► *Chilliness in the back and over the arms
(though not on the hands), in the evening after lying down
(after three hours), [1]. ► Chilliness in the back and heaviness in
the lower extremities, after a vexation, [1].
► Creeping chilliness in the hepatic
region; a crawling sensation, [1].
► Becomes easily chilly in the hands,
is obliged to wrap them up, [1]. ► Chilliness of the feet, as if dashed with
cold water, with trembling, [1]. ► *Shivering and chilliness, immediately after
drinking, [1]. ► Shivering and horripilation in the
morning, [1]. [1480.] ►
Shivering over the whole body on the slightest motion, but not when
lying quietly, [1]. ► Shivering, with yawning, [1]. ► Intense
shivering; cold feet for twenty hours; the face, head, and neck being
quite hot (after four to five days), [26]. ► *Nightly
febrile attack (during the third hour); before the chill, intolerable
drawing pain through the thighs and legs, that obliged him to
alternately draw them up and stretch them out, [1]. ►
Chilliness and great weakness, with internal and external heat, so that,
especially in the afternoon, he desires to lie down and go to bed, or to
be warmly clothed, [1]. ► *Chilliness, in the evening before lying down;
in bed, heat of the head and face, [1]. ► At
first shivering, then heat, causing anxiety; afterwards thirst for beer,
[1]. ►
Four accessions of cold rigors, followed by warm perspiration (third
day), [44]. ►
Alternations of cold and heat, especially much heat in the head, at 8.45
A.M., [52]. ►
Fever, in the afternoon or evening, followed by chilliness and coldness,
[1]. [1490.]
►► *Fever, in the afternoon;
chilliness and coldness, with blue nails, for four hours, followed by
general heat and burning of the hands, with thirst, at first for water,
afterwards for beer, without
subsequent sweat, [1]. ► Trembling and chilliness, in the evening
after lying down, followed by some heat of the face (after two hours), [1]. ►
*Violent chill, and sleep for an hour, in the evening after lying down,
followed by heat, with headache, roaring in the ears, and nausea
(after twelve hours), [1]. ► Chilliness, mingled from time to time
with general heat and drops of sweat on the forehead, towards 6 A.M.,
and again, towards 6 P.M., chilliness, [1].
► The surface of the body cold and
uniformly wet with perspiration, [46].
► Heat. ►
Skin hot, [44]. ► Heat, with thirst, and almost without
sweat, at night, [2]. ► Increasing heat in the morning, on
walking in the open air, with full pulse, without thirst, followed by
sleeplessness (after eight, and sixteen hours), [1]. ► *Dry heat
over the whole body, that does not tolerate any covering,
with dryness of the mouth, without thirst, immediately after coition
(after five hours), [1]. ► Dry heat, without thirst, about midnight,
in bed, [1]. [1500.] ► Heat, with full rapid pulse; desire for
bed, with thirst, [1]. ► Internal heat, increasing from hour to
hour, with full pulse, without thirst, followed by sleeplessness (after
eight, and sixteen hours), [1]. ► Sensation of internal heat, with dryness
of the mouth, but with dread of drinking, together with internal
chilliness, at night, [1]. ► Paroxysms of heat over the whole body,
without redness of the cheeks, with pearly sweat on the forehead, and
anxiety, [1]. ► Heat spread over the whole body,
“running through all the veins,” followed by vomiting with
great relief, [67]. ► Intolerable sensation of heat over the
whole body, or especially in the cheeks, hands, and lower portions of
the feet, particularly in the palms and soles, so that he eagerly sought
to cool himself by uncovering and for cool places in the bed, but he
could not tolerate this because becoming cool caused partly a
distressing sensation over the whole body, partly a momentary griping or
cutting colic, very early in the morning, in bed, [1]. ► Heat in
the head, as from coryza, with one red cheek, and discharge of mucus
from the nose (after two, and three hours), [1]. ► Heat of
the head, in the evening, [1]. ► Sensation of heat in the face, without
externally perceptible increase of temperature, [1]. ► Heat in
the head, during dinner, [1]. [1510.] ►
Heat of the face, in the morning, after rising, with constipation and
flatulent rumbling in the abdomen (after twenty-four hours), [1]. ►
Heat of the face and whole body, in the morning, on walking in the open
air (after forty-eight hours), [1].
► Hot face, in the evening, in bed,
and restless sleep before midnight (after eight days), [1]. ► Much
heat, especially in the face, that seems to rise up from the abdomen,
after dinner; perspiration, mostly over the whole back, [1]. ► Heat of
the face, inner surface of the hands, and soles of the feet, after lying
down, in the evening, [1]. ► Heat in the cheeks, externally, after a
meal, with a violent sensation of heat, like a burning, within the
cheeks, with very easy dilatation of the pupils; photophobia, and
chilliness in the arms and gooseflesh (after three hours), [1]. ►
Feels hot in the chest, [1]. ► Heat in the hands, which he needs to
cover because coolness causes an intolerable pain, very early in the
morning (after twelve, and sixty-four hours), [1]. ► Heat in
the testicles (after four hours), [1].
► Heat in the soles of the feet, very
early in the morning, that he tries to cover up because cold causes
intolerable pain (after twelve, and sixty-four hours), [1]. [1520.] ► Burning heat all over her body (after
four to five days), [31]. ► *Sensation of internal burning heat through the
whole body (after six, and twelve hours), [1]. ►
Flushing heat of the face, toward evening (after forty-eight hours), [1]. ►
Flushing heat of the face, more frequent than usual, while walking, [1]. ►
Flushes of heat, on moving about, [1].
► Flushing redness and heat of the
cheeks, on the slightest motion and exertion, [1]. ► Heat
and redness of the cheeks, with dulness in the head, after eating, [1]. ►
Red, hot cheeks, without thirst, [1].
► Redness of the cheeks, in the
morning, after waking, [1]. ► Face, formerly pale, became scarlet-red,
cheeks glowing hot (immediately), [49].
[1530.] ►
External heat, with red cheeks, and sensation of anxious, intolerable,
internal heat (although he covered himself carefully); the mouth is full
of saliva, though the lips are dry; there is no thirst or only apparent
thirst; he desires to drink, but pushes the drink from him, does not
relish it; during the heat, sleeplessness; he lies with the arms under
the head; after the heat, thirst for beer, [1]. ►
Temperature of body raised, [62]. ► Body generally warm, [51]. ► Skin
warm (after three hours), [63]. ► Unusual warmth, with thirst for water, in
the morning (after twelve hours), [1].
► Violent heat of the body, except of
the hands, soles of the feet, and scalp, which are cold, with redness of
the cheeks, without thirst, and without sensation of heat, though with
recurring chilly sensations, [1]. ► Fever towards 6 P.M.; chilliness, with
intercurrent attacks of heat, recurring the next day at the same hour, [1]. ►
A kind of febrile attack at night (during the second hour); intolerable
drawing pain through the thighs and legs, so that he did not know what
to do, with thirst, [1]. ► Febrile heat, rather internal; it seems
as though she steamed and smoked from the throat; during which she drank
very much, [1]. ► A kind of febrile attack; shivering and
drawing pains in the limbs, as if caused by pain in the small of the
back, while lying down, during a nap after dinner, with subsequent heat,
without thirst, [1]. [1540.] ►
Sensation of heat in the face, with shivering over the rest of the body,
[1]. ►
Dry heat of the face, preceded by coldness of the feet, [1]. ►
Internal and external heat of the head, with chilliness, [1]. ► Heat of
the face, with coldness of other parts of the body, [1]. ► Redness
of the face, with shivering and coldness of the limbs and thirst for
beer, in the evening, [1]. ► Red cheeks, with heat of the head and
chilliness over the rest of the body (after six hours), [1]. ► Redness
of the cheeks and heat of the hands, with cold feet and recurring
shivering, in the evening, [1]. ► Hot cheeks, with internal chilliness, [1]. ►
Great heat and perspiration, worse in bed; a shivering on the slightest
uncovering after very much chilliness, and then again sweat, [2]. ►
Sensation of warmth here and there in the top of the shoulder and arm, [1]. [1550.]
► Skin warm and moist, [58]. ► Body
warm, but hands and feet rather cool (after one hour), [61]. ► The
whole body hot, reeking with sweat, [48].
► Some heat, with moist skin, [52]. ►
Skin warm, and covered with a profuse clammy sweat, [59]. ► Sweat.
► Profuse perspiration (after
three-quarters of an hour), [53]. ► [Profuse perspiration], [11]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] ►
Abundant sweat, [62]. ► Copious perspiration, during and after
great anxiety, [1]. ► Perspiration, [43]. [1560.]
► Patient bathed in perspiration, [47]. ►
Frequent attacks of perspiration, followed by dry heat, [1]. ►
Perspiration, especially upon the upper parts of the body, in the
morning, while waking and sleeping, followed by drawing pain in the left
side (after sixteen hours), [1]. ► Slight general perspiration of the odor
of musty straw (though not on the face), at night and in the morning, [1]. ►
Broke out over the whole body with profuse warm sweat, while the lower
extremities were moist, cold, and rigid; this perspiration was so
profuse that his shirt had to be changed; he was constantly bathed in
perspiration, [43]. ► Perspiration, especially below the nose,
on the forehead (scalp) nape of the neck, throat, pit of the stomach,
and between the thighs, with an anxious sensation of heat and dryness of
the tip of the tongue, anterior part of the palate and lips, without
desire for drink, very early in the morning (during the third hour), [1]. ►
General sweat, with internal heat of the face and head, without thirst,
in the morning, on waking, [1]. ► Sweat for two days (after sixteen hours),
[1]. ►
While eating he perspires on the forehead and scalp (after two hours), [1]. ►
Clammy sweat on the forehead, while walking in the open air, [1]. [1570.]
► Sweat on the diseased side of the
face, with one-sided headache, [1].
► Perspiration on one side of the
head, scalp, and face (after ten hours), [1].
► Face covered with profuse sweat, [59]. ►
Offensive perspiration on the side, [1].
► Profuse perspiration on the inner
surface of the hands, on walking in the open air, [1]. ► Cool
perspiration on the inner surface of the hands, [1]. ►
Perspiration on the inner surface of the hands, [1]. ► Sweat
on the thighs and calves, after midnight, [1].
► *Sweat, in the morning, [1]. ►
Profuse general perspiration, in the morning (though not on the head or
face), while in bed, after waking (after three days), [1]. [1580.] ► She began to perspire about 5 A.M., after
waking, for several mornings, [1].
► Offensive perspiration all night, [1]. ►
Nightly perspiration of a sour odor, [1].
► (Slight perspiration, while lying
in bed and on walking rapidly), [1].
► *Sweat, after midnight, [1]. ►
Sweat during sleep, after 2 A.M.; but while awake, from time to time,
only slight perspiration all over, [1].
► (Perspiration in the house,
disappearing in the open air), (after seventy-two hours), [1]. ►
Perspiration, on moving about the room, [1].
► Cold perspiration, [12]. ►
Offensive perspiration, [18]. [1590.] ►
All the pains are relieved by cold perspiration, [7]. [The immediate precursor of death. -Hughes.]
► Perspired between the spasms, [43].® 2000
Article