NICOTINUM.
An alkaloid obtained from Nicotiana tabacum, Linn.
Formula, C10H14N2.
Preparation
, Solutions in distilled water
(or alcohol).
Authorities.
1,
Falk and Wachenfeld, De Nicotine, 1848 (from Husemann, Pflanzenstoffe),
experiments on themselves and on others with 2 to 3 milligrams dissolved
in water; 2, Wertheim, Zeit. d. K.
K. Ges. zu Wien, 1851, general effects; 3,
Schroff, provings on Dworzak and Heinreich with 0.001 to 0.002 gram, and
even 4 or 5 milligrams, Lehrb. d. Pharm.; 4,
Reil, Mat. Med. d. rein. Arzn., 1857, p. 235, effects of a solution of 1
drop in 100 drops of alcohol, doses increasing from 1 to 15 drops (the
original provings in Journ. f. Pharm., 2, p. 195, not accessible).
MIND.
►
Delirium, with frightful visions, [2].
► Inability to fix the attention upon
any subject (second day), [3]. ► Inability to think or fix the thoughts, [4].
HEAD.
►
Vertigo, [1], [2]. ►
Peculiar vertigo, [4]. ► Headache, [1],
[4]. ►
Decided headache, [3]. ► Violent headache (second day), [3]. ►
A high degree of dulness of the head, heaviness, dizziness, and
stupefaction, [3]. [10.] ►
Dulness and heaviness of the head, persistent, [3].
EYE.
►
Sensation as though the eyelids were too heavy, [4]. ►
Lachrymation, [4]. ► Dilatation of the pupils, [2]. ► Dilated
pupils, [4]. ►
Indistinct vision, with great sensitiveness of the eye to light, [3]. ►
Weak vision, [4].
EAR, NOSE, FACE, AND MOUTH.
► Indistinct hearing, with a sensation as
though the ears were filled with cotton, [3].
► The expired air had the odor of
alcohol, noticed not only by the provers themselves but by the
bystanders, [3]. ► Face pale, features drawn, [3]. [20.] ► Sensation of an aura in the upper jaw, [3]. ►
Sharp burning sensation on the tongue, [3].
► Increased secretion of saliva, [3]. ►
Scraping-burning taste, especially low down in the throat, causing
hiccough and hawking, [4].
THROAT AND STOMACH.
►
Dryness of the throat, [3]. ► Sensation of scraping in the throat, [3]. ►
Constant scraping in the throat, [2].
► Sensation as though a sharp brush
had been drawn through the œsophagus to the stomach, [3]. ►
Sensation of dysphagia, [4]. ► Loss of appetite, [4]. [30.] ► Loss of appetite (second day), [3]. ►
Great aversion to tobacco-smoking; one, a smoker, endeavored
to mitigate his troubles by a pipe of tobacco, but was utterly unable to
take more than a few whiffs; the other, not a smoker, became affected to
an excessively disagreeable extent by going near any one smoking, [3]. ►
Frequent eructations, [1]. ► Eructations with vomiting that afforded
some relief, [3]. ► Hiccough, [4].
► Nausea, [1]. ► Nausea,
and inclination to vomit and actual vomiting, with some relief, [3]. ►
A disagreeable sensation extending from the stomach upward and downward,
with eructations, [3]. ► Sensation of emptiness and faintness in
the stomach and intestinal canal, persistent, [3].
ABDOMEN AND RECTUM.
►
Abdomen distended, [3]. [40.] ►
Disagreeable sensation through the whole intestinal canal, [3]. ►
Excessive desire for stool, relieved by emission of flatus and urine, [3]. ►
Stool retarded, [4].
URINARY ORGANS.
►
Urgent desire to urinate; urine copious, [3].
► Secretion of urine decidedly
increased, [3].
RESPIRATORY ORGANS, CHEST, AND PULSE.
► Respiration rapid and difficult, [3]. ►
Very difficult respiration, [3]. ► Oppression of the chest, [1]. ►
Oppression of the chest, compelling deep respiration, [4]. ►
Oppression of the chest; sensation as though a foreign body were behind
the sternum, [3]. [50.] ►
Pulse increased in frequency in direct proportion to the dose, [3]. ►
Pulse and respiration very irregular, sometimes becoming very rapid,
sometimes sinking, [4]. ► Constant sinking of the pulse, [2].
EXTREMITIES AND GENERALITIES.
► Formication, beginning in the tips of the
fingers, extending to the wrists and afterwards to the elbows, [3]. ►
Weakness of the lower extremities, especially on going upstairs, [4]. ►
Peculiar clonic spasms that gradually increased for forty minutes; the
extremities began to tremble; the trembling extended at last over the
whole body, which became violently shaken; the respiratory muscles
mostly affected; respiration difficult and impeded, every respiratory
effort consisting of a series of short jerks in quick succession;
expiration was accomplished in the same manner as inspiration, [3]. ►
Great general excitement, [3]. ► Great uneasiness, [4]. ► Great
weakness, persistent, [3]. ► Great weakness (second day), [3]. [60.]
► Weakness, [1]. ► Unusual
sensation of weakness and exhaustion, so that he could scarcely hold up
his head, [3]. ► Unusual muscular weakness, [3]. ►
Excessive weakness while walking, gait unsteady, [3]. ►
Trembling, [1], [2], [4]. ► Exhaustion, [2]. ►
Paroxysms of faintness, beginning with a vanishing of the senses and
ending with loss of consciousness, [3].
SKIN, SLEEP, AND FEVER.
► Skin dry, [3].
► Persistent sleepiness, [3]. ►
Sleepiness (second day), [3]. [70.] ►
Sleepiness, [1], [3]. ► Night
restless, sleepless, during which he was hot and excited, [3]. ►
Extremities icy cold, [3]. ► Coldness of the extremities, [3]. ►
Coldness beginning in the tips of the toes and fingers and extending
towards the trunk, [3]. ► Shaking chill, [3]. ►
Sensation of warmth commencing in the stomach, rapidly extending over
the chest and to the head, and like a steaming into the tips of the
fingers and toes, not, however, followed by perspiration, [3].
CONDITIONS.
►
Aggravation. ► (Ascending stairs), Weakness of lower
extremities. ► (Walking), Excessive weakness.® 2000
Article