ATROPINUM.
EYES.
► In General. ► Strange appearance of the eyes, as though projected from
their sockets (after one and a half hours), [20]. ► Eyes appear fixed and glassy (first day), [2]. ► Eyes look glassy and
congested (after one hour), [3]. ►
Glittering, excited eyes, [15]. ►
Eyes restless (after one hour), [8]. ► Eyes move restlessly hither and thither (ordinarily, his look
is not steady), [18]. ►
Simple inflammatory swelling of the mucous membrane, with muco-purulent secretion, often
accompanied by swelling of the lachrymal sac, occasionally with less swelling, but more
marked hyperæmia and flow of tears, [17]. ► Eyes considerably congested, but the pupils have scarcely
commenced to dilate (after one hour), [5]. ► Eyes feel wearied (second day), [2]. [130.] ►
Considerable pain and lachrymation, [17]. ► Slight pain in the eyes continued for about two hours,
accompanied part of the time by an unpleasant sensation of fulness and pressure in the
anterior part of the head, making me restless and uneasy, [2].
► Eyes feel swollen, and pain in the eyes and temples
slightly increased with each pulsation of the heart (after twelve hours), [4]. ► Dull pain in the eyes and
head, [2]. ► Dull
pain in the eyes, and slight pain in the temples (after one hour), [1]. ► Deepseated dull pain in the
back part of the eye (after ten minutes), [3]. ► Eyes and lids feel sore to the touch (after nine hours), [5]. ► Brow, Lids, Etc.
► *Sharp pain under the right eye, with slight pain in the
temples (after four hours), [2]. ► *Neuralgic pains, commencing under the left orbit, and running back
to the ear, lasting perhaps ten minutes at a time, and then disappearing for fifteen or
twenty; these have been noticed for several hours (second day), [3]. ► Redness and excoriation of
the skin of the eyelids, [17]. [140.] ► Eyelids swollen
(after one hour), [3]. ►
*About 9 P.M. eyelids felt heavy and difficult to keep open; yet she had no
inclination to sleep, [20]. ►
Dull, heavy, aching pain in the eyelids, not severe (second day), [3]. ► Eyelids feel sore, are red
an congested (second day), [3]. ►
I have myself once or twice experienced slight congestion of the entire conjunctiva, with
dryness of the membrane and dull aching pain in the eyeball, after the use of a very weak
solution of Atropia. On one occasion this condition followed the instillation of 12 drops of
a solution of 1 part of Sulphate of Atropia in 400,000 parts of water, [8]. ► Slight injection of the
conjunctival membrane, [8]. ►
Conjunctivæ vividly injected (after one hour), [8]. ► Acute erysipelatous inflammation and swelling of the
conjunctiva and eyelids, [17]. ►
Atropine conjunctivitis, [17]. ►
Severe pain in the left eyeball (after nine hours), [5].
[150.] ► Slight pain
in the eyes continued; it is as if the eyeballs were pressed from without in every direction
(after twelve hours), [3]. ►
Pupils not unusually dilated, but perfectly immovable, [10].
► Pupils dilated, [7].
► Pupils somewhat dilated, [2].
► Pupils very much dilated; spectral illusions continue
(second day), [2]. ►
Both pupils dilated, but not ad maximum, [18]. ► Excessive dilatation of
pupils (first day), [2]. ►
Complete mydriasis, [14]. ►
Pupils are still dilated; can see to read quite distinctly for a few minutes, after which
the letters, words, and lines run together and become indistinct (second day), [3]. ► Dilatation and
immobility of the pupils, [9]. [160.] ► Pupils slightly
dilated; conjunctiva not injected, [11]. ► Pupils still dilated, with diplopia (second day), [4]. ► Pupils
considerably dilated; vertigo increasing (after one hour), [4].
► Vision. ►
Dimness of slight (after a quarter of an hour), [8]. ► Dimness of vision (after eleven hours), [2]. ► Dimness of vision, and
bright circles of a golden color dancing before the eyes, [12].
► His difficulty in seeing small objects which were near
him (the pupils were still dilated) was now the most prominent feature remaining of his
illness (after twenty-four hours), [21]. ► Only a circular line of iris visible; was nearly blind; a
thick cloud obstructed vision, and images were confused, with a reddish tinge (after one
hour), [8]. ► Can
see but little; pupils considerably dilated, but contract readily under the influence of
light (after three hours), [3]. ►
Objects appear at first enveloped in a white vapor; the contours are no longer distinct; if
the doses is increased, almost complete blindness may ensue, [22].
[170.] ► Disturbance
of vision; objects seem enveloped in a cloud (the obscuration increases with the dose); even
complete blindness ensues, but disappears in a day or two after ceasing the medicine, [9]. ► Vision obscured;
pupils dilated; eyeballs injected; she seems to see nothing about her, [13]. ► Could see nothing (first
day), [18]. ► After
looking at objects a few minutes, they become indistinct and fade from view (after two
hours), [2]. ►
While reading a book, the letters gradually grew indistinct, and seemed wavering before the
eyes, [2]. ► Can
see to read a little, but after a few words the letters grow indistinct, and am obliged to
close the eyes to rest them (second day), [2]. ► While talking with persons, they suddenly vanish (second
day), [2]. ► Eyes
intolerant to light (second day), [2]. ► The eye is sensitive to the light held in front of it, which,
however, does not affect the dilatation of the pupil, [18].
► It is impossible to cause color-confusion by the use of
Atropine, but partial color-blindness may be induced by either the internal or external use
of it. The impressions made by color are altered by Atropine as regards strength exactly as
they are by the different degrees of solar light on different days, [25]. [180.] ► On several occasions through the night she had vision of
great numbers of white flies on the door, which was white, and requested that they brushed
off. They were not in motion, and were rather smaller than the common housefly. This
perversion of sight continued until noon of the following day, on closing the eyes, [20]. ► The medicine
produced temporary bright spots and stars before the eyes, and a brilliant glow around the
letters, which frightened him greatly, [24]. ► Bright flashes before the eyes, immediately on closing them
(first night), [4]. ►
On one occasion my patient was much annoyed by the appearance of a large black bug, with
veritable legs, a few inches below a black doorknob, [20].
► On the following morning, imagining she saw a worm,
“a thousand-legged worm,” on her carpet, she sprang out of bed, and was found
trying to find it; failing in this, she would look in another place and see it again. This
illusion kept her busy some time, before fully satisfied of the fallacy. The color of the
worm was brown, the predominating color of at the carpet, [20].
► Illusions of sight; during the increasing dimness of
vision, manifold pictures of gigantic figures, whirls, double images; enlarged appearance of
all objects; laughable or frightful appearances of all kinds, [9].
► Objects round or oval seem elongated; for example, the
human figure was distorted so that the vertical diameter of the face seemed equal to the
rest of the body; especially prominent were the nose and chin, which seemed of considerable
length, and their margins enveloped in a mist; these appearances lasted some hours, for as I
woke at half-past three, these images still floated clearly before the eyes; the pupils (on
the next day) were very large and sluggish, [1]. ► First noticed diplopia (after five hours), [3]. ► The next day these
appearances were verified, though in a less degree; all objects seemed really elongated,
especially the ears looked like Midas ears, and seemed to overtop the head; a round rubber
ball looked eggshaped; the table looked oval rather than round (lasted till 10 A.M.), [1]. ► Vision much
impaired; the figures on the carpet, which were large, appeared to be constantly and
successively rising up to her face (perpendicular diplopia, the apparent object below the
real one), [20]. [190.]
► As late as a week she still experienced a sense of
giddiness, and the figures on the carpet would at times appear to her double, [20]. ► Quick rotation and
duplication of objects, [9]. ►
During the evening the eyes of the lady attendant seemed to her very large, and she could
not avoid looking at them, [20]. ►
Upon looking at a newspaper the letters seem to expand and contract with each pulsation of
the heart; can read but little (second day), [4]. ► In attempting to walk, would reel and stagger, catch at
objects which appeared to me in close proximity, but which in reality were far from my
reach; would often stumble over objects which to me seemed to be many feet away (first day),
[2]. ► Cannot
estimate distances correctly; when asked to put his hand upon an object within his reach, he
either reaches too far or not far enough (after seven hours), [5].
► Entire loss of power to compare objects with the eye
and determine their respective distances (first day), [2].
EARS.
► Throughout the
succeeding night the hearing and sight were morbidly sensitive, [8]. ► At night, when the eyes
were closed, though not sound asleep, he heard every noise and every voice in the room and
yard, [1]. ►
Exquisite sensibility of hearing, and frequent illusions of this sense also, [8]. [200.] ►
His attention cannot be attracted without speaking loudly to him, [11]. ► Perceptions of noise,
tinkling sounds as of bells, etc., [22]. ► Some roaring in ears, [7].
► Illusions of hearing, ringing, roaring, etc., [9].
NOSE.
► Mucous membrane of
the nose dry (after one hour), [3]. ► Dryness of the mucous membrane of the nose and eye, [8]. ► The dryness (of
the throat) very often extends to the mucous membrane of the lower passage of the nares, [8]. ► He sneezed and
rubbed his nose frequently, [21].
FACE.
► Expression of mania,
[15], [21]. ► Looks and acts as if he had been on a “spree”
(after seven hours), [5]. [210.]
► Pale, slightly sweating face, [7]. ► Flushing of the face, [8]. ► Face flushed
(after one hour), [8]. ►
Flushed face; burning in the face (after a quarter of an hour), [4]. ► Face slightly red, [13]. ► *Face hot and
very red, [20]. ►
Face red, with white spots, [15]. ► *Twitching of the facial muscles, especially around the mouth
and lids, [13]. ►
Only the reddened face is warmer than the rest of the body, [18].
► Parched state of the lips, [8]. ► Mucous membrane of the lips
dry and parched; water affords no relief (after two hours), [2].
MOUTH.
► Teeth and Tongue.
[220.] ► Teeth and
lips dry, and covered with sordes, [11]. ► Teeth feel “on edge” (first day), [2]. ► Tongue slightly coated
white (second day), [3]. ►
Tongue thickly coated with whitish mucus (after one hour), [3].
► Tongue thickly coated with a dirty gray fur (second
day), [11]. ►
Tongue coated whitish on margins, and yellow in middle, [18].
► Tip and edges of the tongue light red; tongue trembles
when protruded from the mouth (after one hour), [5]. ► Anterior part of the tongue or whole of the dorsum, excepting
a wide margin, will be found dry, brown, and rough, [8].
► The mucous layer of the tongue becomes completely dry,
brown, and hard (1/40 grain), [8]. ► Tongue trembles when protruded (after three hours), [3]. [230.] ► When asked to protrude the tongue he does it with difficulty,
and only after considerable effort; cannot move the tongue about in the mouth at will, [3]. ► The tongue (shown one when desired), was protruded with difficulty and
incompletely, [18]. ►
Tongue thick, cannot articulate distinctly (first night), [4].
► The tongue and other muscles assisting in speech were
difficult to move, [18]. ►
Tongue seemed partially paralyzed, [20]. ► Tongue moist, coated whitish-yellow (second day), [18]. ► Tongue dry and
furred (after forty-eight hours), [8]. ► Dorsum of tongue dry an parched, and the entire roof of the
mouth and velum palati dry and glazed, [8]. [240.] ► Complete dryness of
the tongue, roof of the mouth, and soft palate, extending more or less down the pharynx and
larynx, rendering the voice husky, and often inducing dry cough and difficult deglutition, [8]. ► Dryness of tongue
and fauces (immediately), [3]. ► Mouth. ► The mouth
opens but little; masticator muscles rigid, [18]. ► Thick, viscid, or slimy mucus in the mouth, [3]. ► Thin coating of viscid,
slimy, white mucus over the entire buccal cavity (second day), [3]. ► Mucous membrane of mouth
dark-red (second day), [5]. ►
Loss of sensation in the buccal cavity, with complete loss of taste. When swallowing water
from a tumbler, I could not be persuaded that I had drank any until convinced by looking
into the glass (first day), [2]. ►
Can drink water without difficulty, but produces no sensation in the mouth or throat, except
a slight feeling of coldness; is scarcely aware when he swallowed it (second day), [3]. ► The hard and soft
palate perfectly dry and glazed, [8]. ► Buccal cavity feels hot (after one hour), [3]. ► Saliva, Taste, and Speech.
[250.] ► Great
dryness of the mouth, [20]. ►
Mucous membranes of mouth dry, [18]. ► Dryness of the fauces, seems extending over the whole mouth, [2]. ► Dryness of the
throat has extended over the entire buccal cavity (after two hours), [2]. ► Mouth very dry, so dry that
upon inserting the finger, it will not be moistened (after two hours), [2]. ► Food will remain in the
mouth for minutes without becoming moistened in the least, [5].
► The hard palate and the anterior part of the tongue and
the soft palate dry, but not parched or glazed, [8]. ► Dryness of the mouth continued through the night, [2]. ► Dryness of the
mouth has increased and now extends to the lips, which feel dry and parched (after half an
hour), [3]. ► Those
parts of the mouth which are adjacent ot the median plane are so completely parched that
they fail to impart the least moisture to a bit of bibulous paper of sugar, kept in contact
with them for several minutes. It is observable that this dryness is greatest along the
median line and on either side of it, and that after moderate doses it extends only a short
way outwards. Dryness of the lips, the buccal mucous membrane, and the pillars of the
fauces, only occurs after large doses; but a very moderate dose is required to render the
central part of the tongue dry and parched from back to front, and the hard and soft palates
and back of the œsophagus as dry and glazed as a piece of paper, [8]. [260.] ►
Mouth very dry; no thirst; cannot feel the passage of water through the mouth or throat when
drinking (after ten minutes), [3]. ► Mouth and tongue very dry, with great difficulty in
swallowing (after one and a quarter hours), [4]. ► Dryness in the mouth, and especially in the throat, reached
such a degree that on attempting to eat a piece of bread and butter he could not swallow it,
unless he took water (two to three hours), [14]. ► Dry mouth and fauces, [9].
► Dryness of the mouth and fauces increased, so that
swallowing became almost impossible, [1]. ► Gradually increasing dryness in mouth and fauces (in two
hours), which became so severe in one hour that he could not speak a word, and the tongue
almost stuck to the roof of the mouth, [7]. ► Could swallow no breakfast on account of deficiency of buccal
secretions to moisten the food (second day), [3]. ► Had great difficulty in swallowing food, on account of
non-secretion of saliva; food will remain in the mouth for minutes without becoming
moistened in the least (after one hour), [5]. ► While the mouth continues in the dry condition above
described, the salivary glands appear quiescent, and the morbid state of the tongue and
palate renders it difficult, it not impossible, to excite a flow of saliva by gustatory
impressions; but they readily pour out abundance of secretion when an appropriate stimulus
reaches them. In a patient who was suffering from severe neuralgia of the face, associated
with profuse salivation, the secretion was in no degree diminished when, as occasionally
happens, a severe paroxysm of pain came on during the action of a full dose of Atropia, [8]. ► Stoppage of
secretion of saliva; smoking does not bring any saliva into the mouth, [3]. [270.] ►
After continuing, about two hours, the dryness of the mouth is suddenly relieved by the
appearance of a viscid acid secretion of an offensive odor, like the sweat of the feet. The
mouth becomes foul and clammy, and a bitter coppery taste is complained of, [8]. ► Excessive secretion of
saliva (second day), [3]. ►
Everything tastes salt (after one hour), [5]. ► Same slimy taste in the mouth (after three hours), [3]. ► Slight sweetish
taste in the mouth, [3]. ►
Food all tastes alike, like sawdust; tastes dry and cannot be swallowed except by washing it
down with some liquid, owing to the deficiency of secretion of saliva (after two hours), [2]. ► Food is tasteless
(after half an hour), [3]. ►
Difficult speech, [9]. ►
Speech thick, probably from dryness of the mouth and throat, [11].
[280.] ► After many
days action of Atropia, there manifested itself a slowness and embarrassment of articulation
of words, [22]. ►
Frequent stuttering, especially at words difficult to pronounce (never used to do so),
(sixth day), [18]. ►
Articulation indistinct, rapid, and chattering, [20].
THROAT.
► Slight throbbing
or heaving sensation in the carotids, [8]. ► Mucous membrane of the throat slightly darker than in health,
and presents a mottled appearance (second day), [3]. ► Constant choking in the throat, which was soon followed by an
almost complete inability to swallow, with a feeling as if seized by the throat, [1]. ► In a few minutes a
feeling of dryness in the throat, causing constant inclination to cough, [2]. ► On the third day he
complained of sore throat, and inability to pass his water, [10].
► Intense feeling of dryness in the throat, which abated
toward morning, [11]. ►
Shortly after taking the drug, a sensation of dryness in the throat, [2]. [290.] ►
Dryness of the throat and feeling of pressure in the anterior and superior cerebral regions,
[2]. ► Great
dryness of throat and mouth (twenty to forty minutes), [8].
► Violent burning in throat, [13]. ► Burning in throat and
stomach, [13]. ►
Slight feeling of fulness in the throat (after half an hour), [5].
► Soreness of throat increasing till quite hoarse (after
eleven hours), [5]. ►
Throat has been quite sore for the past six hours; pain upon swallowing (second day), [4]. ► Throat feels raw
and irritated (second day), [3]. ►
Throat feels raw and sore (after seven hours), [5]. ► Drops of white mucus sticking to the uvula (after ten
minutes), [3]. [300.]
► Fauces and uvula red (after ten minutes), [3]. ► Slight dryness of
the fauces, [2]. ►
Dryness of the fauces (in two hours), [7]. ► Feeling of dryness in the throat, causing constant
inclination to cough; swallowing water affords relief, [3].
► Swallowing difficult, but not impossible, [18]. ► Feeling in mouth
and throat made her think she “could not swallow,” but when impressed with the
necessity of so doing, she drank with avidity the warm water offered, though at first is
seemed quite difficult, [20]. ►
*Swallowing appeared to give pain, manifested by grimaces and increased spasms of the facial
muscles, [10]. ►
*There was great difficulty in getting the child to swallow, each attempt to do so producing
paroxysms of suffocation, which appeared to threaten his existence, [21]. ► *Difficult
deglutition, every attempt to swallow caused suffocation, [15]. ► Dysphagia, parallel
with the dryness of the fauces, [9]. [310.] ► *Difficulty in swallowing
on account of dryness of the throat, [2].® 2000
Article