HYDROCYANIC ACID.
Acidum hydrocyanicum. Hydrocianic or Prussic acid;
(Germ.), Blausäure.The pure acid should be preserved in a 2 per cent.
aqueous solution; this is the officinal acid, and is to be considered
the matrix.
Preparation for use
, Dilutions with
alcohol.
Authorities.
(1
to 5, provings by Jörg and his
pupils). 1, Assmann, proving of acid
prepared after Vauquelin’s method, 1 drop, morning, 2 drops at 3 P.M.
first day, 3 drops second day; 1a, same, proving of acid prepared after
method of Ittner and Brandes (from Ferrocyanide of potassium and
Phosphoric acid), 2 drops first day, 3 drops second day; 2, Heisterbergh, proving of Vauquelin’s acid,
half a drop first day, 1 drop in morning and 2 drops in afternoon second
day, 3 drops third day; 2a, same, Ittner’s acid; 3, Kneschke, proving with Vauquelin’s acid; 3a, same,
with Inner’s acid; 4, Otto, proving
with Vauquelin’s acid; 4a, same, with Ittner’s acid; 5, Jörg, proving with Vauquelin’s acid; (6 to 25,
except 16, 17,
19 and 20,
from Hartlaub and Trinks’s “Laurocerasus,” Mat. Med., 1, p.
127); 6, Symptoms by Hartlaub; 7, omitted; 8,
Hufeland’s Journ., 52, 2, p. 56; 9,
Granville, Lond. Med. and Phys. Journ., Sept., 1826; 10, Roch, die Anwend. d. Blaussäure,
Leipzig, 1827, 8; 11, G. A. Richter,
Arzneim., II, p. 512; 12,
Toulmouche, Rév. Méd. Franç. et étrang. et Journ. d. Clin. de
l’Hôtel Dieu, I, pp. 265-274; 13,
Hufeland’s Journ., 1823, pt. 7, effects of 2 scruples of Ittner’s acid
in half an ounce of water; 14, Ann.
de Chim. Oct. 1814, tom. 92; 15,
Manzoni, de precip. acid Pruss., etc., effects of fumes; 16, Ittner, effects of inhalation, Beit. z.
Gesch. d. Blaussäure, 1809 (from Preyer’s monograph, 1870); 17, Gilbert, Annal., vol. 53, p. 217 (from
Preyer’s monograph), effects on a man; 18,
Magendie, Vorschr. z. Bereit. und Anwend., etc., 1826; 19, Adlemann, rhein. Jahrb. 1 suppl., 1822
(from Frank’s Mag., 3, p. 5), a man took 6 drops four times a day for
pain in abdomen, after some days he took a double dose and felt effects;
20, Coullon, Recherch. et Consid.
Méd. sur l’acide hydrocyan., Paris, 1819, p. 128 (from Preyer’s
monograph, 1870), effects of inhalation, and in one case of 20 to 80
drops (!) internally; 21, Hecker,
Arznm., I, p. 309; 22, Brera,
reference omitted; 23, G. A.
Müller, ibid.; 24, Neue Samml. aus.
Abh. f. p. Aerzt.; 25, Horn,
Archiv., 1818, p. 510; 26,
Schneider, effects of inhalation (from Preyer); 27,
Wedemeyer, 1817, effects of 1 drop of 9 p. c. solution (from Preyer); 28, Elwert, 1821, experiments (from Preyer); 29, Robriquet, 1831, effects of moistening
the tips of the fingers, with a 2 p. c. solution (Preyer); 30, Preyer, monograph on Blausäure, 1870,
effects of inhalation on himself; 31,
Robert (from Preyer); 32, Bertin,
case of poisoning by a teaspoonful of a 3 p. c. solution, Horn’s
Archiv., 1825; 33, Baumgaertner,
Med. Zeit., 1829 (Frank’s Mag., 4, p. 5), a man suffering from
hæmoptysis took too strong a dose (a few drops with ammonia); 34, Hufeland’s Journ., 1815 (Frank’s Mag., 2,
558), a woman took about 40 grains of strong acid; 35, Sandras, Recueil period., 110, 1830,
general effects of too large doses on various patients; 36, Andreessen, de ven. acid hydrocyan.,
Berlin, 1829 (from Roth’s Mat. Med.); 37,
Gendrin, Journ. Gen., vol. 103, p. 367, ibid.; 38,
N. Eng. Med. Journ., 1821, p. 21, effects on a young lady suffering from
phthisis pulm.; 39, ibid., on a lady
of 20 suffering from catarrh and chronic cough; 40,
ibid., on a child of 8 with hooping-cough; 41,
Geoghegan, Dublin Med. Journ., 1835, p. 309, a man suffering from
uneasiness in stomach took doses of the acid according to Dublin
Pharmacop. (sp. gr .998), increasing to 2 drachms on the sixth day; 42, same, experiments of Dr. Prout; 43, Banks, Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour., 1837,
p. 44, a girl of 19, suffering from indigestion, took more than 30
drops; 44, Smith, Lancet, 1844, p.
335 a girl of 8 took oil of bitter almonds (about 10 to 15 drops); 45, omitted; 46,
Garson, Edin. M. and S. J., 1843, p. 72, a man took an overdose of
Hydrocyan. acid; 47, Taylor, Lond.
Med. Gaz., 1845, p. 103, a man took 45 drops of Scheele’s acid; 48, Nunneley, Provincial Med. and Surg. J.,
1845, p. 561, a man took an overdose of Scheele’s acid; 49, Letheby, Pharm. Journ., 4, p. 511, a
girl, aged 22, took les than a grain of the pure acid; 50, Hempel’s Mat. Med., from Rév. Méd., a
physician experimented with diluted acid; 51,
Bishop, a man took about 1 1/2 grains of pure acid, Lancet, 1845, p. 31
5; 52, Godfrey, Lond. and Ed. Month.
Journ., 1845, p. 711, a man took an overdose; 53,
Hicks, Lond. Med. Gaz., 1845, p. 462, a girl took 1 ounce of Scheele’s
acid; 54, same, a woman took an
overdose; 55, Champneys, Lond. and
Ed. Month. J., 1845, p. 708, a woman was poisoned by it; 56, Pooley, Lond. Med. Gaz., vol. 35, p. 859,
a man was found with an ounce vial half full of Scheele’s acid; 57, Hoyn, Chemist., vol. 4, p. 421, a man
drank about 45 grammes of hydrate of cherry laurel; 58, Lond. Times and Gaz., 1858, p. 36, a
woman poisoned by an overdose; 59,
Christison, Edin. Month. Journ., 1850, p. 97, a man, aged 60, poisoned; 60, Regnault (Ann. d’Hyg.), B. and F.
Med.-Chir. Rev., 1852, p. 418, a medical student poisoned by vapor; 61, Barker, Br. Med. J., 1861, p. 655, a boy
took almond flavor; 62, Perry, Br.
Med. Journ., Jan. 1862, a man committed suicide (scarcely a grain
taken); 63, Hickman, Lancet, 1866,
p. 310, a man took half an ounce; 64,
omitted; 65, Hall, Am. J. Med. Sc.,
1868, p. 277, a man took about 100 drops of a 2 p. c. solution (death in
twenty minutes); 66, Stevenson,
Guy’s hosp. Rep., 1869, p. 259, a man took about 1 1/2 drachms of
Scheele’s acid; 67, Thomas, Lancet,
1873, p. 522, a man took about an ounce of ordinary acid of the
Pharmacop; 68, Madden and Hughes,
Br. J. of Hom., 20, p. 453, Sir Benj. Brodie applied a drop of oil of
bitter almonds to his tongue.
MIND.
►
Emotional. ► After
venesection, wild delirium, with constant tossing from side to side,
biting at the bystanders, protruding anxious eyes, small pupils, heart
and pulse rapid, [23]. ► She exclaimed, “Bread, bread,”
immediately, and sprang convulsively from her seat, [43]. ► Much
disconnected talking, [33]. ► Occasionally moaning (after about twenty
minutes), [46]. ► Groaned (after about twenty minutes), [46]. ►
Gloominess and ill-humor, in the afternoon (second day), [5]. ►
Anxiety, [20]. ► Anxious feeling, [8]. ►
Fretfulness (second day), [1a]. [10.] ►
Loss of courage, [6]. ► Fear of imaginary troubles, [9]. ►
Intellectual. ► At first
the patient made quick answers, but soon became heavy, [33]. ►
Thought difficult (second day), [4a].
► Inability to collect the thoughts, [9]. ►
Complete inability to think, [6]. ► Memory very weak, [6]. ►
Unconscious (within five minutes), [65].
► *Loss of consciousness, [36]. ►
Loss of consciousness, lasting two hours and a half, [12]. [20.] ► Loss of consciousness, with great
weakness, [13]. ► Sudden loss of consciousness and
sensation, [50]. ► *Complete loss of consciousness, [37]. ►
Stupefaction, [31]; (from the
fumes), [14]; (after four minutes,
third day), [3]. ► He was in a state of coma and perfectly
insensible, [62]. ► Extreme coma for four hours and a half,
only interrupted by occasional sudden convulsive movements, [60].
HEAD.
►
Confusion and Vertigo. ►
Confusion of the head, [10], [20], [30];
(after a few minutes), [1];
(second day), [5]. ► Confusion of the whole head (soon), [1]. ►
Confusion of the whole head, accompanied at first by transient vertigo
(soon), [3]. ►
Confusion in the forehead and dull feeling of pain (first day), [1a]. [30.]
► Confusion of the right side of the
head, accompanied by slight pressure in the occiput and forehead of the
same side (after three minutes, second day), [3]. ► General
confusion of the head, [1a]. ► Slight confusion of the head (after a few
minutes), [3a]. ► Slight confusion of the head on the right
side, extending from the occiput forward, and causing slight pressure in
the frontal region (first day), [3].
► Considerable confusion of the head,
together with acute pressure in the forehead and occiput, worse on the
right side, most violent in the region of the right eyebrow (third day),
[3a]. ►
Great confusion of the whole head, in the forehead and occiput (third
day), [3]. ►
Having walked a few paces he experienced a feeling of great confusion,
with headache and loud ringing in his ears (after two minutes); he now
with difficulty retraced his steps, and leaning forward on a table
became insensible and fell backwards; in this state he remained
altogether between three and four minutes, during which time he was
violently convulsed, and, to use the expression of those present,
affected like a rabbit poisoned with the acid (sixth day), [41]. ►
Uneasy confusion in the head; he turned around, spoke a few words, and
immediately fell down; the teeth were tightly clenched, [32]. ►
Vertigo, [19], [35]; (from the fumes), [15]. ►
Vertigo, continuing through the day (third day), [3a]. [40.] ► Vertigo, lasting eight days, [16]. ►
Vertigo; objects about him seemed to be moving (after four minutes,
third day), [3]. ► Vertigo, so that he could scarcely keep
upon his feet, [17]. ► Vertigo and obscuration of the senses, [11]. ►
Vertigo, with oppression and weakness, so that he was obliged to go to
bed, [16]. ►
Slight vertigo (from the fumes), antidoted by coffee, [9]. ► Violent
vertigo, without headache, so that he staggered in the street, and was
unable to see distinctly, lasting four days, [27]. ►
Dizziness (immediately), [51];
(soon), [6]. ►
Sudden feeling as though everything about him moved slowly; he became
dizzy without reeling, and noticed at the same time a slight pressure
commencing in the left side of the occiput and extending over the left
half of the head to the frontal region (after a quarter of an hour), [4]. ►
General Head. ► Head
strongly inclined forward, without the patient being able to hold it
erect (after three hours), [57]. [50.] ►
Violent congestion to the head, [35].
► Apoplexy, [21]. ► A very
peculiar condition like intoxication (fourth day), [4]. ► Feeling
as after a great and long-continued exertion with the head, and as
though he were very much exhausted thereby (second day), [5]. ► Pain
and a feeling of distension in the head, which continued for the rest of
the day (sixth day), [41]. ► A sort of concussion in the head
(immediately), [50]. ► Strange disturbance in the head, as if,
according to her expression, her brain was on fire; she fell and
remained an hour in a state of debility, without loss of consciousness;
instantly (after second dose), [39].
► Headache, [20], [35];
(from the fumes), [15]; (after two
minutes, sixth day), [41]. ► Headache, lasting several hours, [30]. ►
Headache, only at night, [35]. [60.] ►
Headache, now in one place, now in another, at different times (from the
second to the fifth day), [5]. ► Headache and a kind of vertigo, [18]. ►
Very violent stupefying headache; on bending the head the brain seemed
to beat against it, [6]. ► Violent headache, [33]. ►
Pressure in the head, commencing in the occiput and extending to the
frontal sinuses, where it becomes seated (after one hour), [4]. ►
Pressure in the head, extending from the vertex towards the forehead on
both sides and to the orbits, where it became fixed, while from the
occiput the pressure extended down the nape of the neck; though this
pressure did not amount to real pain, it became so severe that it caused
a slight confusion of the head (after one hour, second day), [4]. ►
Pressure and heaviness in the head, in the evening (first day), [5]. ►
Pressure and confusion of the head, relieved in the open air, [3]. ►
Slight pressure in the head, commencing in the occiput and extending to
the anterior surface of the head (second day), [4a]. ► Dull
pressure in the head in various parts, at one time in the occiput, at
another in the side, at another in the vertex, always extending to the
forehead, never lasting over one or two minutes, and frequently repeated
through the day (first day), [4a].
[70.] ►
Weight, and pain, and heat of the head, with some gastric uneasiness, [43]. ►
Forehead. ► Forehead and
face cold and dry, [34]. ► A feeling in the head not unlike slight
intoxication; this did not amount to real pain, but was simply a feeling
of tension in the frontal region (soon), [1].
► Heaviness and a pressive sensation
in the forehead (soon), [1]. ► Pressure on the right side of the
forehead (after a few minutes), [3a].
► Pressure on the right side of the
forehead, extending to the occiput (soon), [3a]. ► Slight
pressure in the forehead (after one hour), [4]. ►
Pressive feeling in the frontal region, transient (after two drops), [2]. ►
A violent pain, at first pressing from within outward, and then
gradually becoming a very violent sticking and boring in the frontal
regions and orbits (soon), (second day), [1a].
► Parietals. ► Pressure in the head, on the right side
(third day), [4]. [80.] ►
Pressure in the right side of the head, especially in the frontal
region, which afterwards changed to the region of the left mastoid
process, then to the left temple, afterwards to the right (fourth day), [4]. ►
Slight pressure in the right side of the head, in the region of the
crown and forehead (after half an hour), [5].
► Pressive pain in the left half of
the head, especially in the region of the vertex and forehead, which at
times changed to the right side, and at times completely remitted (after
half an hour, second day), [5]. ► Occiput. ►
Slight pain beneath the skin of the occiput, [20]. ►
Constant slight pains in the occiput, in the open air, lasting two
hours, [28]. ►
Violent pressure in the occiput and forehead, more marked on the right
side than on the left; the pressure in the head disappeared after a few
minutes, but the confusion lasted for some hours (second day), [3].
EYE.
►
Objective. ► Eyes
brilliant, [55]. ► The eye had a brilliant and glassy
appearance throughout; mere physical brilliancy, without mental
expression, [44]. ► Eyes bright, prominent, and glassy, and
the pupils dilated (after five minutes), [61].
► Eyes glassy, [48]. [90.] ► Eyes of almost natural appearance, dull
rather than bright; not prominent; pupils large, [52]. ► Eyes
staring and fixed, almost immediately; fixed and glistening (after
quarter of an hour), [43]. ► Eyes prominent and staring, [48]. ►
Eyes prominent, fixed, and staring (after five or ten minutes), [58]. ►
Eyes half closed, but prominent and glistening, with their pupils widely
dilated, and quite insensible to light, [49].
► *Distortion of the eyes, [13]. ►
Eyes fixed, [55]; (after twenty
minutes), [46]. ► Eyes fixed and closed, and the pupil
somewhat dilated, [63]. ► Eyes fixed, but lifelike, the pupils in
their normal condition (after five minutes); at the moment of
dissolution the pupil of eye dilated, [45].
► Eyes seem immovable and
involuntarily directed at one point (after quarter of an hour), [4]. ►
Subjective. [100.] ► Pain deep in the eyes and temples, and
then in the occiput, [33]. ► Severe pressure, especially over the
right inner canthus (third day), [3].
► Brow. ►
(Pain above the left eye), [35]. ► Lids. ►
Small varicose veins in the eyelids, [33].
► *Open eyes, with fixed eyeballs,
[36]. ►
Eyes open; eyeballs turned upward, [46].
► Eyes wide open, fixed, and glazed;
pupils widely dilated (after eight or nine minutes), [51]. ► Eyes
wide open, staring straight forward upon vacancy, injected, watery, and
with the pupils somewhat contracted, but not more so than they are
naturally in persons of his age (after one hour), [59]. ► The
eyelids stood wide open, and the eyeballs were difficult to move, only
after decided exertion was it possible to look upward or downward, to
the right or left (fourth day), [4].
► Eyes half open, [13]. [110.] ► Eyes half open, clear, and natural, but
insensible to the light, [34]. ► Eyelids partly closed, and the eyes
appearing as if pushed forward between them, the pupils at the same time
being fully dilated, and quite insensible to the stimulus of light, [54]. ►
Eyes shut (sixth day), [41]. ► Eyelids closed, and the eyes both drawn
to the left side; pupil dilated, [44].
► Eyelids closed, and on opening them
the pupils were found excessively dilated, [60]. ► Ball.
► Eyeballs tense and very prominent, [33]. ►
Pupil. ► Pupils dilated, [12], [35],
[66]; (after fifteen or twenty
minutes), [58]. ► Pupils dilated, only slightly sensible, [33]. ►
Pupils dilated, insensible, [32]. ► Pupils dilated and wholly insensible
(after quarter of an hour), [43]. [120.] ►
Pupils moderately dilated, but afterwards contracted, and remained so
the whole day (third day), [4]. ► Pupils widely dilated, but before death
they became less so, [48]. ► Pupils equally dilated, and quite
sensible to the stimulus of light, [55].
► Pupils of a natural size, or
perhaps a little contracted and insensible, [46]. ► Pupils
of the eyes contracted and quite insensible to light, [62]. ► Motionless
pupil, [36]. ► Immobility and dilatation of the pupil, [50]. ►
Vision. ► Dimness of
vision and a sensation as of a fog before the eyes (soon), [1]. ►
Obscuration of vision, with feeling of intoxication (soon), (second
day), [1a]. ►
A light veil seemed to float before the eyes (after four minutes, third
day), [3]. [130.] ► A
cloud before the eyes (soon), [1].
► Clouds seemed to float before the
eyes; it was only with difficulty that he could see distinctly; in the
afternoon (second day), [5]. ► It became dark before the eyes, [8]. ►
Complete blindness, with pain in the forehead; dilated pupils sensitive
to the light; eyeballs tense and prominent, with injection of the
capillaries of the lids, [33].
[This conditions was considered to be apoplexy of the retina; after
using leeches, cold applications to the head and brows, and from time to
time carbon sulphide on the temples, etc., after twenty-four hours the
sight was completely restored.] ►
Sparks before the eyes, [35].
EAR.
►
Ringing in the ears, [35]. ► Loud ringing in his ears after two
minutes (sixth day), [41]. ► Roaring in the ears, [35].
NOSE.
►
A peculiar sensation in the upper nasal cavities; it seems as though
mephitic air passed through them over the Schneiderian membrane, and
caused a pricking feeling for a short time (after one hour, first day), [4].
FACE.
►
Wild-looking and bloated countenance, [50].
[140.] ►
Appeared like a man suffering from an excess of drink, [48]. ► It
makes the lines of the face very distinct, [11]. ► Face
flushed, [46]. ► Face and neck red and puffy, [32]. ►
Face bluish-red and swollen (after five or ten minutes), [58]. ►
Bloodvessels injected, and the whole countenance bloated, [48]. ► Face
and head congested and hot (after one hour), [59]. ► His
face, previously pallid, became greatly congested, and the veins large
and prominent, [63]. ► Face so greatly congested as to be almost
purple, [54]. ► The countenance had a dusky appearance, [55]. [150.]
► Face blue, [66]. ► Slight
cyanosis of the face, [60]. ► Color of the face very gray and earthy, [6]. ►
Almost black in the face (after two or three minutes); countenance of a
ghastly, pale appearance; his face, however, much swollen, and covered
with large drops of perspiration (after eight or nine minutes), [51]. ►
Very pale (after five minutes), [61].
► Face swollen, [12]. ► Whole
face swollen, turgid, and almost purple from congestion, [49]. ►
Countenance puffed up and dark, rather purple, [48]. ► Face
sunken, [6]. ►
Face sunken, pale, [34]. ► Lips. [160.]
► Pale, bluish lips, [36]. ►
Distortion of the mouth, [32], [50]. ►
Chin. ► The only symptom
of life was a slight movement of the lower jaw, [55]. ► Jaw
fixed, [48]. ►
Jaws fixed, the teeth of the inferior retracted within those of the
superior, [46]. ► Jaws clenched, [49], [66].
► Teeth clenched, [54]; (sixth day), [41].
► Teeth firmly set, almost
immediately, [43]. ► *The jaw was firmly clenched in rigid spasm,
[44]. ►
Spasmodic contraction of the jaw (after fifteen or twenty minutes), [58]. [170.]
► He had the corner of the sheet
between his teeth, along the sides of which, at each expiration, issued
a large quantity of thick white foam; I attempted to remove the sheet
from his mouth, but was unsuccessful, as the jaws were so tight I could
not open them in the least (after eight or nine minutes), [51]. ►
Lockjaw, [50]. ► Trismus, [12].
► Jaw fallen, [52].
MOUTH.
►
Tongue. ► Tongue coated, [6]. ►
Tongue white and somewhat dry, [6].
► Tongue slightly protruding, [52]. ►
Sensation of numbness of the tongue (from local application), [27]. ►
Feeling of coldness on the tongue, [15].
► A feeling in the root of the tongue
as though it were drawn together from both sides (soon), (second day), [5]. [180.]
► A peculiar irritation at the root
of the tongue, which soon became a scraping feeling like that caused by
eating dry walnuts (after quarter of an hour, first day), [4]. ► General
Mouth. ► Dryness of the
mouth, [35]. ►
Mouth very dry, before and after dinner (second day), [5]. ► Violent
scraping in the soft palate, [30].
► Saliva. ► Salivation, with two or three slight
attacks of nausea, lasting several minutes, [20]. ► Causes
spitting, [31]. ► He was obliged to spit for several
minutes, [17]. ► Foam issuing from the mouth, [54]. ►
Mouth covered with foam, [49]. ► Froth at the mouth, [37]. [190.] ► Frothy mucus exuded from the lips, [63]. ►
On raising her up a little, some froth came out of her mouth, [55]. ►
Froth appeared at the mouth, forming large bubbles; this fluid was so
viscid that it could scarcely be wiped away, [66]. ► Thick
salivary froth tinged with blood (bloody appearance caused by her biting
her tongue) issued from her mouth (after five or ten minutes), [58]. ►
A small quantity of brownish tenacious matter had fallen from his mouth
on to the blankets, [46]. ► Taste. ►
Sweetish taste on the tongue, [15].
► Extreme bitterness in the mouth
(immediately), (sixth day), [41]. ► Sharp irritating taste, [15]. ► Speech.
► Loss of speech, [21]. ► Unable
to speak (after about twenty minutes), [46].
[200.] ►
Made an attempt to speak, but was not intelligible, [48].
THROAT.
►
Drink rumbles audibly through the throat and intestines, [6]. ► He
appeared to have considerable uneasiness in the throat, but could
swallow (after five minutes), [61].
► Heat about the throat (after four
hours), [46]. ► Sore throat, which hindered deglutition;
saliva being abundant, and flowing out of the mouth, in the evening, [46]. ►
Scraping in the throat, lasting till noon (first day), [4]. ►
Scraping in the throat, with a peculiar tickling irritation extending
from the pharynx low down the air-passages, and causing an inclination
to a frequent hacking cough; this condition of the air-passages was
compared to that after taking cold when one is hoarse, or to that which
is caused by eating hips of roses when little hairs stick in the throat;
in the evening this irritable condition changed to a very decided
dryness in the mouth and larynx (second day), [4]. ►
Scraping sensation in the throat, accompanied by some transient stitches
and increased secretion of mucus, which compels frequent expectoration
of thin saliva (third day), [4a]. ► Slight scraping in the throat (after one
hour, second day), [3]. ► Scraping in the throat, very slight
(first day), [2a]. [210.] ►
Distressing scraping in the throat, like that caused by eating too many
walnuts (second day), [3]. ► Fauces, Pharynx, and Œsophagus. ► Pain, heat, cramp in the fauces,
œsophagus, and stomach, [22]. ► Scraping in the pharynx (after three
drops), [2]. ►
Warmth in the œsophagus, [35]. ► Swallowing. ►
Unable to swallow (soon), [43]. ► An attempt was made to make him swallow;
but although a movement of deglutition was distinctly noticed once or
twice, the fluid remained in great part in his mouth, ebbing and flowing
with the respiratory movements, [66].
► External Throat. ► Bloating of the neck, [50]. ►
Considerable swelling of and undulatory motion in the jugular veins; the
carotids beat quickly and fully, [44].® 2000
Article