PLUMBUM. – THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.

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PLUMBUM.

GENERALITIES.

►
Complete emaciation, [21]. ► Much emaciated, and looked ten years
older than he really was, [219]. ► The atrophy becomes general; the patient
resembles a walking skeleton, [305].
► Atrophy, [43]. [3480.]
►► *Emaciation, [23], [166],
[180], [287], [292],
etc. ► She had been suffering for
five or six years or more from various remarkable spasmodic attacks, and
was reduced, by their constant recurrence, from a well-made handsome
woman to a mere skeleton. Was frequently seized with violent tonic
spasms in the arms, fingers, legs, abdomen, and chest, as if she had
been taking strychnine, [492]. ► He was wonderfully emaciated. If placed
in an erect position, he fell over in any direction if not supported,
and he had not the slightest command over the flexors or extensors of
upper or lower extremities, especially the upper, which seemed to have
ceased to act at all. The deltoids seemed entirely gone; the head of the
humerus could be traced in the glenoid cavity quite plainly; his ribs
were covered only by skin; in fact, he looked more like a dried skeleton
than a living person, [546]. ► Gradually increasing weakness in her
extremities, which she first noticed, she thinks, in her hands and arms.
She lost all power over her limbs. She lies on her back perfectly
helpless, and presenting literally the appearance of a skeleton. Every
muscle in the body is wasted to a very unusual and remarkable extent.
Those of the back share in the general atrophy, which, however, is
perhaps most of all marked in the muscles of the hands and arms. The
fingers are flexed, giving the characteristic “griffin’s-claw”
appearance, the flexion being of the phalangeal and not the
metacarpo-phalangeal joints. The interossei seem to have entirely
disappeared, so that the finger and thumb of an observer can be made to
meet between the metacarpal bones. The radius and ulna can be made out
throughout their entire length as distinctly as though covered only by
integument. The legs and feet are in a very similar condition. So wasted
are the abdominal muscles that the spine can be distinctly felt
throughout the lumbar region. At first there was great constipation of
the bowels, sometimes no action taking place for a month. This was
succeeded after some months by diarrhœa, and she often passed her
motions involuntarily, [366]. ► Greatly emaciated and very weak, [341]. ►
On stripping the patient the clavicular and scapular prominences were
very remarkable, the deltoid muscles had wellnigh disappeared, whilst
the supra- and infraspinati were atrophied to such a degree as to
present cup-shaped depressions above and below the scapular ridges. The
latissimus dorsi and pectoral muscles were soft and slightly atrophied.
The biceps and triceps of both arms were wasted, those of the right arm
more than those of the leg. The extensors and flexors of both forearms
were soft and atonic from disuse, but as regards their muscular volume
they seemed intact, as also were the muscles of the thumbs and hands
generally. The spinal, lumbar, and muscles of the lower extremities were
sensibly atrophied, the left extremity generally more than the right,
more particularly the left gluteals. The sensibility of the two
extremities least atrophied – viz., the right leg and left arm – was
increased so that the patient was unable to bear the weakest current of
electricity, whereas he could bear electricity strongly applied to the
alternate leg and arm, [340]. ► All the paralyzed parts are wasted and
insensible to all stimuli. Thus, blisters applied to the thighs and arms
may be torn off violently without eliciting any sign of feeling, [174]. ►
The general plumpness is in strong contrast with the wasted condition of
the limbs, [161]. ► Marked emaciation of the limbs and body, [153]. ►
The paralyzed parts are wasted; their shrivelled dingy-yellow skin seems
loosened from the flabby muscles. The adipose tissue seems to have
dissolved; the contour of the muscles has disappeared. The hands are
blue and slightly infiltrated, [142].
► Emaciation supervenes after fifteen
days, a month, or whole years of exposure to the fumes, and only in
cases where great quantities have been absorbed, [117]. [3490.]
► He lost strength and flesh,
notwithstanding a good appetite, [271].
► Emaciated and weak, [545]. ► The
muscles lose their contour, [145].
► General feebleness of the muscular
system, the muscles throughout the body being soft and wasted, [360]. ►
Pale and emaciated, [422]. ► The muscles throughout the body are soft
and flabby, [356]. ► Muscles are soft and weak, [357]. ►
Muscles rather firm, not soft and pliable, [303]. ►
Flabbiness and paleness of the muscles, [28].
► Flesh soft and wasted; his
countenance was more emaciated than the rest of his body, and showed
profound despondency, [350]. [3500.] ► Pale and rather emaciated, [463]. ►
Appearance meagre, [529]. ► Anæmic and cachectic appearance, [340], [578].
► She was anæmic, and in a condition
analogous to that of a person suffering from paralysis agitans, [343]. ►
Profound anæmia, [437], [521], [522],
[547]. ►
Anæmic and very thin, with a sallow aspect, [362]. ► The
whole surface is pale, anæmic looking, and of a characteristic hue, [466]. ►►
Anæmia, [384], [444], [456],
[468], [568], [582].
► General cachectic condition and
hectic fever, [42]. ► The patient presented a cachectic
appearance, pale, anæmic, with a jaundiced tint, [351]. [3510.]
► Cachectic condition after second
attack of colic, which kept him from working for six months, [302]. ►
The patient looked like one suffering in a high degree from anæmia and
atrophy, [433]. ► Ictero-plumbic appearance, [370]. ►
Excessive anasarca, [574]. ► Swelling of the body, [13], [567].
► Face, feet, and legs have become
œdematous, [492]. ► Mucous membranes pale, [449], [545].
► Mucous surfaces of a waxen hue, [519]. ►
Mucous membranes lose their normal color, [326].
► He was seized with symptoms of
asphyxia and died suddenly (after three weeks and four days), [78]. [3520.]
► Six cases of gout were observed out
of one hundred and eighty-four, [329].
► Had had several attacks of gout, [418]. ►
Gout is much more frequent in persons suffering from lead-poisoning than
in others; this arthralgia of lead-poisoning is distinguished
by the absence of redness and tumefaction; a tumor that appears on the
dorsal surface of the wrist, in some cases coincident with the paralysis
of the extensors, extends along the tendons, is not changed in color,
consistence, or mobility; it is caused by hypertrophy of the tendinous
expansions, never commences in the articulations, [300]. ►
Dropsies, [42]. ► Diminished secretions and nutrition, [21]. ►
The secretions generally are torpid, [438].
► Consumption, [10]. [From the internal use of Acetate saturni.]
► Gangrene, [41]. ►
Ganglion, [11]. ► Most pernicious gangrene, [62]. [From the external application of Extractum
saturni to erysipelas.] [3530.] ► General scorbutic symptoms, with ulcers
in the lungs, [92]. ► Complete absence of œdema throughout the
whole case, though the urine was highly albuminous, and the patient
suffered from uræmic convulsions, [429].
► The number of blood-corpuscles is very
largely diminished, in some cases to the number of 2,200,000
in a cubic millimeter of the blood; but while
the number is so much diminished, their size becomes greatly increased,
being relatively to the size of healthy blood-corpuscles, as 9 to 7,
true macrocythemia; this increase in the size of the red
corpuscles is found not only in cases of acute but also of chronic
poisoning, [464]. ► Blood corpuscles diminished from
1,800,000 to 1,500,000, and afterwards to 1,300,000, [578]. ► The
serum of the blood shows a slight yellow reflection, but with no shade
of green, [117]. ► The blood, under the microscope, shows an
abnormal number of white globules, [519]. ►
Nervous prostration not infrequently destroying life, [42]. ► Death
of children within the first three years of their lives, [426]. ► Great
mortality among children, especially during the first weeks of life, [432]. ►
Apoplexy, [21]. [3540.] ►
He seems as if attacked by apoplexy, [60].
► Death either by apoplexy or
complete wasting with hectic fever, [28].
► Death either by apoplexy or
syncope, with complete immobility and insensibility, (From large doses),
[26]. ►
Since his sickness, complete suppression of normal perspiration; walking
difficult, can only take a few steps, and soon gets tired; disposed to
sadness; loss of memory; much emaciation, [525].
► (In this case the symptoms of
poisoning were confined entirely to the parts most frequently brought in
contact with the lead cement), [468].
► Nutrition and all the secretions
fail, and the skin becomes dry and discolored, [28]. ►
Electro-muscular contractility of the parts unimpaired, [294]. ► No
paralysis, anæsthesia, or hyperæsthesia on the left side, [167]. ►
No redness, swelling, or morbid heat of the affected parts, [134]. ►
Neither palsy nor anæsthesia affect the right side, [163]. [3550.]
► No redness or swelling of the
painful parts, [136]. ► During the colicky paroxysms he lies flat
on his belly, rolls about, presses his fists into the umbilicus,
screams, [198]. ► Lies upon his back, apparently much
prostrated, [521]. ► Dorsal decubitus, [195]. ► Lies
on the back, with limbs relaxed and powerless, [520]. ► At
intervals of about five or six minutes there was a short resting spell,
when he became quiet, only groaning a little now and then, [223]. ►
Lies on his left side doubled up, [223].
► Decubitus on right side; lower
limbs strongly, flexed upon the abdomen, and the head sunk between the
shoulders, so that he seems doubled up and huddled together, [189]. ►
Lies in bed, sometimes one way, sometimes another, [201]. ► When
quiet he would lie on either side, generally on his left, with his
thighs pressing against the abdomen, [290].
[3560.] ►
He lay upon a sofa, on his right side, having his legs flexed upon his
thighs, and these, in a slight degree, upon his abdomen, [350]. ► One
another characteristic spoken of by Tanquerel was well marked in this
case. It was the approximation to recovery and diminution in force of
the attacks, so as to excite strong hopes of a speedy and complete
restoration, and then a return of all the symptoms in their severity,
followed by another amendment, what I should call getting up three feet
and falling back two, [365]. ► After a few days he was taken with the
characteristic symptoms of lead-poisoning, the diagnostic blue line on
the gums included; he continued to be affected with the disease, with
remissions and relapses alternating, for a period of two months, after
which the recovery was progressive, though slow, [296]. ► First
taken with vomiting, colic, and all the symptoms of lead-poisoning;
since then has never been quite well; has an aversion to food;
occasional slight colic and constipation. About four months after
resuming work had a bad relapse; besides colicky symptoms there was a
general debility, tremor in the legs and arms, and some œdema about the
ankles; in a few days the hands were paralyzed, [525]. ►
(Colic in 1850; second attack 1869; 1871, third attack. Paralysis began;
lead rheumatism set in at the same time with the debility. Since the
latter period, sleep has been troubled with nightmare. Since 1871, seven
other attacks of colic, each successive one more severe, and accompanied
by pain along the limbs, severe headache, and arthralgia; no delirium;
no paralysis. In November, 1874, he left off working in lead;
nevertheless, January 6th, without apparent cause, he was attacked by
very severe colic), [508]. ► For four or five days has had severe
symptoms of lead-poisoning; pain in the hypogastrium for two days;
headache, restlessness, and even fully developed epileptic attacks for
two days, [473]. ► (First attacked when at Montevideo; very
severe colic, lasting fifteen days, accompanied by violent cerebral
symptoms, so that he lay as if dead for some hours. Two months later
another attack of colic, lasting three or four days only, but which he
had scarcely got over when gradual paralysis set in, which so disabled
him that he had to be fed by hand. Two months later the symptoms
returned, only there was less paralysis than the first time), [526]. ►
(His health remained good eight years, when he had a violent attack of
colic, lasting about three months. Eight years later, weakness of the
lower limbs; walking difficult, especially in the dark; from time to
time, lancinating pains through the lower limbs; these grew much worse,
and he could not clearly see a light), [329].
► (Has had eight attacks of colic.
Present symptoms: Dull colic; paralysis of extensors, of long standing;
face much altered; profound cachexia; skin deep yellow), [501]. ► All the
symptoms were aggravated at night, and particularly by lying in bed;
they produced such a continual agitation and anxiety as to compel him
frequently to rise and walk about the house; in this mode he passed the
nights, until the light of a new day saw him lie down on his couch worn
out by fatigue and exhausted by suffering; these nightly walks always
needed the aid of another person, and he retained when walking the same
bent position as in repose, [350].
[3570.] ►
Had his first attack of lead colic (quite a violent one) about
twenty-two years ago. Had no further trouble of the sort until his
second seizure in 1865. For some time previous to the latter date there
had been a weakness of his upper extremities, to which, at the time of
the second attack, there was added a trembling in them, that became in a
few days very great. In a month, however, he left the hospital
completely cured. Since then the tremor returned at varying intervals of
time, but not very severely. It was worse in the morning, and he informs
us that if he drank two or three glasses of brandy it would cease during
the rest of the day. The affection had never been much as to prevent him
from working. He had other symptoms of alcoholism, such as raising of
phlegm in the morning, illusions of sense, etc. In the course of the
last two months he had to spend several day in sandpapering some old
wainscots painted in white lead, the process raising a fine dust, which
he inhaled largely. On July 25th he had another and very severe attack
of colic, and the trembling returned at the same time with great
violence. According to his custom he took some brandy to relieve this
latter symptom, but did not succeed in removing it. Being now disabled
from work, he entered “La Charité” August 3d. The tremor
affects the whole body. The upper limbs are agitated by rapid and
well-defined oscillations. He has some difficulty in grasping objects,
but electro-muscular contractility appears to be almost unimpaired. The
lower extremities are similarly affected when he is standing up. The
gait is uncertain; he staggers in his walk. The head also trembles
perceptibly, the tongue quivers, yet there is no hesitation of speech.
The dynamometer indicates a marked diminution of strength; the
compressive force of the right hand equals seven kilograms, that of the
left four and a half kilograms, the pulling strength twenty-two
kilograms, [391]. ► The first symptoms which I can recall (I
now speak of my first attack) are a peculiar uneasiness or moderate pain
in the bowels, with a sort of feeling that there was or would be
required some action of them, but no effect of the kind ordinarily
followed, or could be induced by natural effort. Yet there was at that
time no excessive constipation. This uneasiness, or these sensations,
were not constant, but grew in frequency, the pain gradually creeping
round to the lumbar region, when it became fixed and constant; by
degrees, however, diffusing itself over the system, particularly the
lower limbs. I do not recollect any pains in my head. But by the middle
or latter part of the summer of 1838 I became greatly debilitated, yet
was without fever, the pulse not elevated. An uneasiness or pain in the
lumbar region now caused me continual suffering. I had a feeling of
great misery; could walk but a few steps without wanting to sit down;
and if I did so it was a great effort to rise again. I had a sense of
constant lassitude or weariness, and an indisposition to motion. I was
perplexed by the symptoms. The least fatigue, and all motion fatigued
me, aggravated the suffering. I have now a very vivid recollection of
going with two or three friends to pass a day at Nantasket Beach. We
went out in a boat, and I well remember my sufferings as I lay listless
in one end of it, trying by various changes to put myself in a posture
of some ease, which I could not succeed in doing. I remember distinctly
the question asked me by one of my companions: “Are you in
pain?” I was scarcely able to get home. We rode in a carryall, and
I remember the difficulty I had in supporting myself, holding as I could
by different parts of the carriage. The bowels had now become wholly
inactive, and it was, I think, two days, at least, before they could be
moved, and then very imperfectly. During this time I was in a most
restless state, day and night. There was no sharp pain, but a constant
dull, gnawing pain, more particularly in the lumbar region and bowels,
and a tired feeling in all the limbs. I was every moment changing my
position, seeking ease, but not for a moment finding it. I would get out
of bed every little time and sit in a chair, or attempt to walk the
room, but it was all the same. There was no relief to be had. After the
bowels had been effectually stirred, I found myself in a degree
relieved. I went through the next year very well, keeping up my system
of outdoor exercise so far as my duties allowed. In the latter part of
winter, or in early spring, I had an attack, mainly, in the left side,
apparently in the intercostal muscles. From this I recovered in no long
time, and went on till late in the spring of 1840. Then and in the early
part of the summer I had a return of the old symptoms described as
occurring in 1838; only with this difference, that the development of
the disease was much more rapid. I went through the same process of
active medicines, injections, etc., before the bowels could be stirred.
I became more debilitated than before, the countenance assuming in a
more marked degree the peculiar earthy yellow described by M. Tanquerel.
Then came on the pure arthralgic pains. They seemed to be deep, as if in
the very bone, and were seated more particularly in the flexor muscles,
as the inside of the elbow-joints and the joints of the knees. Soon
after, that is in July, there commenced a trembling of the fingers,
which soon passed into decided paralysis, the paralysis increasing for
about three weeks. This paralysis was in the extensor muscles of the
fingers, wrist, forearm, and arm of both the upper limbs; the lower
limbs, with a slight exception, not being affected. My arms when left to
themselves hung loose and dangling at my sides, as if turning on a
pivot. Using only one at a time, I could elevate them only in a slight
degree. I could not get my hand to my chin or mouth. But what puzzled me
at that time was that there were certain motions which I could perform,
for example, placing the palm of one hand against the back of the other,
I could get them to my face; the flexor muscles of the hand, which were
not paralyzed, being thus brought into action. So, too, I could draw on
my boots almost as well as now, the same muscles acting. If my arms were
elevated to a right angle with the body, the palm of the hand being
turned downward, the whole hand fell at the wrist, hanging loose as a
piece of cloth, and the will had no more power over it. I could not,
without help, raise the hand in the least, not so much as one of my
fingers, in the slightest degree. When I took a tumbler to drink, I
clasped it with both hands fully spread, and could so get it to my lips.
When I ate I rested my right arm, below the elbow, on the edge of the
table, and grasping the wrist with the left hand, and then bringing my
mouth down to within three or four inches of the table, I could get the
food to it. The backs of the hands became prominently arched; the
fingers, when left to themselves, became bent and half shut, the natural
consequence I suppose of loss of power in the extensor muscles. The
rotary motion of the arms was entirely lost, a fact to which my
attention was directed, when they attempted to assist me to put on my
coat. I tried all I could to exercise the poor lame muscles, but all
fatigue, that is all use of them, seemed to be attended with injury.
They had totally lost their contractile power. The abdominal muscles
were similarly affected, though not in the same degree. If I had any it
was only a slight power over them, which gave me great trouble when an
action of the bowels was needed, though they could at this time be
readily moved by medicine. All the time there was more or less of
arthralgic pain, more particularly at this period in the inside of the
knee-joints. The pain seemed to have no connection with the paralysis,
and was greater in the parts not paralyzed than in those which were. The
intercostal muscles on the left side were now affected; for months I
could not sneeze; the moment the process began it was arrested by these
muscles. The sensation was a very unpleasant one. I had no constant
thirst, though I felt thirst at times, especially in the afternoon, or
when unusually fatigued. I had little or no fever, though at one time a
highly nervous pulse. I have spoken of the loss of the power of motion
in certain muscles, or their loss of contractility. The sensibility of
the muscles or nerves, with a slight exception, was not impaired, but
the reverse. There was a soreness or peculiar tenderness in all my
flesh. Sitting in a common wooden chair and leaning back, the parts of
the chair seemed to penetrate to the very bones. The exception referred
to was a small muscle in the inner part of the left thigh. There was a
spot there or four inches in length, and two or three in breadth, which
had lost its sensibility. There was at times a sensation of a peculiar
and unpleasant kind at the bottom of my feet, a sort of burning, which I
used to relieve, when in bed, by drawing up the covering and pressing
the soles of my feet firmly against the foot board, which produced a
cool and agreeable sensation. I had also at times a violent pain in the
back between the shoulders, rather nearer the right than the left
shoulder, which I would relieve by getting on my bed and lying flat on
my back, bringing as much pressure to bear on the part affected as I
could. This method mitigated the pain before a long time In a multitude
of ways I was a great sufferer; but the brain I did not think was
affected, and I do not now think it was, [283].
► Tremor, [304], [505];
in seventeen cases, [567], etc. ► Slight muscular tremors, [386]. ►
Considerable tremor suddenly came on (the colic having ceased under
treatment), especially in the arms, which appeared to be almost equally
affected. The trembling of the lower extremities was comparatively
slight, [398]. ► Each successive attack of lead colic had
been followed by a worse attack of tremor. During the intervals the
tremor was not sufficient to impede movement, and was chiefly aggravated
after great fatigue. It was also considerably increased by any mental
excitement, whether pleasurable or otherwise, and in this case extended
to the lower extremities, [394]. ► Limbs and body almost incessantly jerked
about, [217]. ► Tremor and partial delirium during two
days, [322]. ►
The tremor is worse in the evening, when he is fatigued, [399]. ►
Slight tremor, with weakness of the left hand, [133]. [3580.]
► Aggravation of the tremor by
excessive drinking, [399]. ► Repeated jerkings, [29], [52].
► Jerking movements of limbs and
body, [223]. ►
General twitching and convulsions, [20].
► The muscles tremble, they are even
affected by painful convulsions, or also become paralyzed, pale, and
soft, [21]. ►
Tremulousness, with commencing paralysis of the upper extremities, [348]. ►
Constant jactitation, [335]. ► Extreme agitation, [315]. ►
Attacks of muscular agitation, accompanying the talking spells, [190]. ►
Violent involuntary movements of the muscles, becoming horrible
convulsions, [56]. [3590.] ►
Spasmodic movements, [53]. ► Apoplectic attack, with paralysis of the
left arm, [115]. ► Attacks of apoplexy, [46]. ► Death
by coma or apoplexy, [171]. ► On the 7th of January he was suddenly
attacked with epileptic fits. He had
a succession of fits, which lasted for thirty-six hours. He stated that
he had no recollection of anything that had happened from the time of
his admission into the hospital until the 12th of January; that he woke
up with severe headache, occupying the entire head, with vertigo, and
found that he had lost the power of moving the left leg and the right
arm. There was a decided diminution of sensation in the affected limbs,
and the right hand was in a permanent semiflexed condition, with very
little power of opening or closing the fingers, [327]. ► A
sudden violent shock in the extremities, so that he fell to the ground,
with spasmodic flexion of the legs; so great he heels touched the nates;
on attempting to extend the legs he suffered the most violent painful
cramps in the thighs and calves, at the same time the abdomen was
retracted and so sensitive that the touch of even his shirt caused the
most violent pains, with obstinate constipation; this was followed after
a week by a similar sudden shock in the arms, with spasmodic pain; the
hands were violently flexed and the fingers spread apart; the pains
lasted several weeks, and gradually disappeared; during this period he
was able to sleep only while lying on the back, with the right arm
clamped between the legs; after the spasm left the arm he noticed that
he could not use the right arm as easily as before, and that the fingers
hung down; the next year the left hand became affected in a similar
manner; all these attacks had been attributed to colds; the skin of the
arms became rough, dry, cracked, [378].
► Attack of lead
epilepsy, while in bed. One quick loud cry; tetanic rigidity
of the neck and limbs; face pale; entire loss of consciousness;
respiration ceases in a moment; face blue; congested spots on the
forehead and face; spasms of the facial muscles; slight clonic
convulsions (movements concentric); bloody whitish froth at the mouth;
this condition lasted three minutes. Paralysis of the limbs; coma, with
stertorous breathing, lasting a quarter of an hour; aroused to half
consciousness, but continued drowsy. Two other fits in the course of the
day; not so strong, [523]. ► His face turns deadly pale; and without a
cry he is seized with an epileptic fit,
which lasted four minutes. The clonic convulsions were of so violent a
nature, existing in the diaphragm and muscles of the larynx as well,
that for a moment death from asphyxia seemed inevitable, [384]. ► Very
violent epileptic attack at about 10
A.M.; immediately became unconscious; convulsions of the limbs; tetanic
stiffness of head and body; face livid and horribly distorted; stertor;
foam at the mouth; spasm of the eyeballs; this attack was succeeded by
deep coma, during which he lay motionless in bed, with half-closed eyes
and open mouth. Sensibility and motor power are retained, though in a
diminished degree; some dull grunts at long intervals, and occasional
automatic movements of the limbs are the sole evidences of animation, [200]. ►
A sudden violent epileptic attack,
with total loss of consciousness, deathly paleness of the face,
stertorous respiration, with prolonged inspiration, pulse 112; for two
minutes the arms and hands were forcibly extended and pronated, and
affected with convulsive spasms, [580].
[3600.] ► One-sided epileptiform
spasm, with convulsive twitchings of the face; followed by a
transient general epileptic attack, with stertor and complete loss of
consciousness, [578]. ► Epileptic convulsion; the muscular
contraction began in the abdomen, and extended upwards to the throat;
the jaws were so violently brought into contact that a tooth was
dislodged; the eyes rolled upwards; and lastly, the muscles of the limbs
were affected. For an hour after the convulsion the patient lay
perfectly motionless, and then became very restless and talked
incoherently. In about nine or ten hours he had a second convulsion, and
after nearly an equal interval a third, and again a fourth. Each fit
lasted for one minute; they were all preceded by vomiting a dark-colored
matter, and followed by symptoms similar to those which succeeded the
first fit, [362]. ► Frequently put the hands to the head,
with convulsive movements of the eyes, hands, and feet, [575]. ►
Attack of fully developed epilepsy
with biting of the tongue; it lasted a quarter of an hour, and was
immediately succeeded by coma, which continued twenty minutes. On
regaining consciousness he wanted to get up and walk about, work, take a
drink, etc., then relapsed into coma, and so on alternately; the
delirium lasting three times longer than the coma; the delirium more
generally occurs after than before the epileptic attack. Pupils so much
dilated that the iris is hardly visible, [197].
► He was hardly in bed at the
hospital before he told us he was about to have an attack, by the
sensations of formication and pricking, which extended from the index
and thumb of the right hand to the shoulder; at the same time the
fingers became flexed into the palms, the thumbs being covered by them.
The forearm was strongly flexed upon the arm, and held in forced
pronation; the wrist also was strongly flexed, and the whole limb
agitated by clonic spasms. The right hand and forearm were red from
stagnation of blood; with his left hand he supported his right forearm,
which tended in its movements to approach the trunk. The head also
shook, and was inclined to the left. There were slight spasms of the
eyes. There was a slight circular movement of the lower jaw, but no
frothing at the mouth, nor was the intellect in the slightest degree
affected, although he was unable to utter a word; and he fully
understood everything that was said within his hearing. The attack
lasted about half a minute. After it was over he complained only of a
little numbness of the right hand, [180].
► Four fits; two at intervals of
several days, and the other two on the same day, [290]. ► A
week before his admission into the hospital he had eight epileptic attacks, one after the other. Three
days after admission he was seized with epileptic fits, which continued
to recur frequently for two days, until death, [439]. ► Eight
epileptic seizures, one after the
other, on the eighth day before his admission to the asylum; a few days
after admission the fits returned very frequently, [440]. ►
Peculiar paralytic sensation extending from the back towards the hands
and down to the feet, especially involving the left side of the body,
which felt asleep; she was unable to move a limb; this paralytic
condition seemed to disappear with a shock, and was followed by a sudden
spasmodic stretching of the left extremities, which seemed as if dead;
wherewith the fingers of the left hand were spasmodically closed, with
pronation of the wrist and gradual extension of the arm at the elbow,
and extension of the left lower extremity from the knee to the ankle,
lasting several minutes; this cramp returned at short intervals; the
patient cried aloud from pain, and, although consciousness was partly
lost, yet she was able to make short, indistinct answers; after about
twelve hours these spasms affected other muscles; whenever a spasm
occurred the head suddenly and with a jerk was drawn to the left side,
and at the same time bent forward, so that the chin rested upon the left
clavicle; during the next day the spasms occurred every quarter or half
an hour, and the excessive paleness of the face of the first day changed
to a bright redness; on the third day the spasms began to affect the
right side in a similar manner, and were associated with opisthotonos,
so that the body was balanced upon the neck and heels; at the close of
the paroxysms, rattling in the trachea and oozing of tenacious, frothy
mucus from the mouth; at this time there began to be noticed, during the
intervals between the spasms, a jerking of the facial muscles; pupils
contracted, the sclerotic dirty yellow, lips bluish, gums retracted from
the teeth, exhibiting a lead line, middle of the tongue covered with a
yellowish-white coating, [328]. ► Epileptiform convulsions in the
third, of which she died, [535]. [3610.] ►
Fit of epilepsy, [77], at 5 A.M., of which he was unconscious, [188]. ►
*Epileptic attacks, [385].
► Several had fits, described as
being hysterical, [277]. ► Epileptiform spasms; the patient fell
to the ground unconscious, lips rigid, with spasmodic contractions,
frothing from the mouth, eyes turned upward, pupils insensible, somewhat
dilated, [272]. ► Epileptiform paroxysms, with frothing
from the mouth, convulsions of the arms, [114].
► During the fourth day of delirium,
twelve epileptic fits, followed
sometimes by delirium, sometimes by coma, [191].
► During the fifth day of delirium,
movements of an epileptic character took the place of distinct fits of
epilepsy, and in these convulsions he passed away, [191]. ►
During her last few days epileptic fits supervened, which by their
violence and frequency, soon rendered her apparently quite insensible to
what was passing around her, [71].
► Epileptiform twitchings, in
all parts of the body, followed by paralysis, [42]. ► Epileptic
attacks, in which the tongue becomes excessively swollen,
protruded, and bitten, [46]. [3620.] ►
Epilepsy, [28] [From
large doses.], [32] [From the
application of White led to an excoriated place behind the ears, in a
healthy man.] ► Has had two attacks
of epilepsy, [373]. ►
Suffering from epileptic fits,
occurring about once in a fortnight, severe in character, and of three
years’ duration, [372]. ► Ten epileptic
seizures in about two years; in which he fell down with a
cry; became very pale; there was at first stiffness; then followed
contractions. The attack lasted about an hour, and was followed by great
prostration. It was accompanied by involuntary urination, [521]. ► The
paroxysms occurred only every half hour, [220].
► Small spasmodic shocks shoot like
lightning over his face and limbs, [188].
► Spasms, [233]. ►
Violent spasms, [315]. ► Tetanic spasms (after two hours), [274]. ►
Spasms of particular muscles, and in two cases, of the whole
body, with delirium, [70]. [3630.] ►
Epileptiform spasms, [44].
► A series of spasms, and convulsions
of various kinds, at first with free intervals, which, however,
gradually became shorter and shorter, until the last twenty-four hours
the spasms were almost uninterrupted; on the fifth day the patient
became comatose, [328]. ► Seized three times with what seemed like
a tetanic spasm; then came sharp prickings in the hands, the forearm, in
the whole lower limb, and then the limbs were stiffened, the jaws were
clenched convulsively, [268]. ► Clonic spasms of the muscles of the
face and extremities, with loss of consciousness, frothing from the
mouth, and puffiness of the face (with albuminuria), [429]. ► Violent
clonic and tonic spasms, with both eyeballs rotated upward,
repeated four or five times daily, [432].
► Suddenly seized with convulsions; the upper and lower extremities
were violently thrown into alternate flexion and extension; the body is
forcibly and involuntarily shaken; the head bends backward. All
sensation is lost, but there is neither frothing at the mouth nor
stertor; the face is injected. The convulsions lasted about five
minutes. When they cease, he lies quiet and motionless in profound coma,
and cannot be stimulated into attention. After this has continued for a
quarter of an hour, convulsions again set in, but do not last as long as
at first. Thirty-four convulsive seizures were counted within
twenty-four hours; between them he was always comatose, [198]. ►
Convulsions, preceding which the patient cried out, turned
very pale, then became very much flushed, immediately following which
the body was seized with violent clonic spasms, lasting an hour, and
followed by great perspiration; the attack was associated with
involuntary discharge of urine, [498].
► The latter part of September his
brother reported that at school he had fallen, and according to his
description was convulsed. It
subsequently appeared that some days previous he had a similar attack
while amongst his playthings in an attic room, when his brother noticed
him lying on the floor and acting strangely, and asked, “What he
did so for?” he replied, “He did not know.” The evening
of the day of the attack at school, the nurse called his parents, after
he had been asleep, saying that he was breathing strangely. Nothing
abnormal appeared when we arrived, but in the course of an hour I heard
the heavy and laborious breathing, and found him in a convulsion, which
continued not over a minute. The eyeballs were distorted, and the body
and arms flexed spasmodically. These attacks numbered seven or eight
daily, and in the course of two or three days amounted to fifteen daily,
which number daily continued until the middle or latter part of the
following February, having, however, once numbered twenty-two to
twenty-three in twenty-four hours; but this was when the attacks were
not the most protracted nor the most brief. The duration of each attack
varied at different periods, from (I should judge from memory, not by
the watch) one-third of a minute to one and a quarter or one and a half
minutes. They did not vary much in
duration and severity usually during a period of twenty-four hours, but
did in a period of weeks. The heavy, laborious, almost stertorous
breathing was our first admonition during the early attacks (when he was
asleep); soon this ceased, and during the last month or two this symptom
occurred only at the close of the convulsion, and was our first notice
of its subsidence. Indeed, I remember failing to discover any sign of
respiration during the greater part of an attack in some of the later
weeks. Some other symptoms varied in a like manner, as to order, during
the whole period. A small quantity of saliva ejected from the mouth
terminated many of the attacks, perhaps one-fourth of them. The turning
in of the thumb upon the palm was sometimes noticed, but was not always
or uniformly the case, while I think strong flexion of the fingers was a
usual accompaniment. The strong contraction of the muscles of the back
and neck, at the termination of the convulsions, was noticed during the
severe attacks, but did not accompany the lighter attacks. The attacks
in the daytime were without premonition; sometimes he thought he had a
slight dizziness a moment before, but was unable to notify us. To us the
attacks seemed instantaneous; as when as cheerful as usual (talking the
moment before) he would fall to the floor from his seat; once, when
standing by the dinner-table chatting with his brother, he fell
backwards, turning one-quarter around, the arms and neck contracting,
otherwise at full length, striking his head against a sheet-iron stove, [365]. ►
Having never had nervous complaints of colic (except an attack of the
so-called “Madrid colic”), was suddenly taken, while eating,
with convulsions movements of the limbs,
soon followed by a general stiffness. No frothing at the mouth or
stertor. He fell to the ground, but without loss of consciousness; could
not answer questions, but understood all that was said about him. This
state lasted five minutes; after which he could talk as sensibly as
usual; only complaining of great weakness. Next day another convulsive
attack like the above, [179]. ► Suddenly his head inclines forcibly to
the right, his limbs stretch out, become stiff, and are strongly convulsed, as also is his face,
which turns blue; his eyes are wide open and rolled upwards; pupils
exceedingly dilated; violent shocks pass over the whole body; bloody
froth issues from the mouth; the beats of heart and pulse are tumultuous
and quite strong. Then the spasms of body and limbs subside, the
oppression increases considerably, and he is threatened with
suffocation; inspirations are deep-drawn and difficult. The previously
dark-red face becomes pale as a corpse; only the whites of the
half-opened eyes are visible; the body becomes cold; the frothing at the
mouth ceases; he remains motionless an sleeps a little while; pulse 140,
and very small. He awakes in a few minutes, his eyes fixed and staring,
and his whole countenance looking very dull; is ill-humored, and will
hardly answer questions; finally, turns over to his left side and falls
asleep, [188]. [3640.] ►
After working seven weeks, an attack of colic; five days later saturnine
encephalopathy set in; he fell down unconscious when in the act of
washing his hands; then he had spasms;
this attack lasted two hours. Four or five hours after, another attack
like the first; it only lasted an hour; until this time his lead
symptoms were confined to these to attacks, and a certain degree of
muscular weakness in the upper extremity only. A few days afterwards he
found that he could hardly use his upper limbs in eating; when he tried
to carry a glass, for instance, to his lips, his arm shook so much that
he could not drink; the muscles were also very weak. Next day there was
slight formication in the lower limbs; walking was still almost natural.
At the end of four days he walked with difficulty, and was obliged to
lean against something so as not to fall down; at the same time he had
severe headache, with dimness of vision and hard hearing, especially on
the left side. In proportion as the difficulty in walking increased, the
involuntary movements of the upper limbs became less decided, [528]. ►
When seized by a paroxysm, he lies down on the floor, rolls about in
every direction, places himself in all sorts of attitudes, squeezes his
feet, calves and knees with his hands; groans aloud, calls for help,
while his distorted face expresses the keenest agony; entirely engrossed
by his pain, he can scarcely answer when addressed. In from three to
five minutes, he gets more quiet, but is so completely exhausted he can
hardly stand on his feet, [133]. ► Frightful convulsions
with cold clammy sweat, [69]. ► Most violent convulsions,
with loss of all the senses, in recurring attacks, [11]. ►
Frequent and frightful convulsions
and colic, [35]. ► Convulsions, with frothing from the
mouth, as in epilepsy, [24].
[Immediately recurring after swallowing an ounce of extract Saturni
Goulardi.] ►► *Convulsions,
[9], [45], [71],
[85], etc. ►
Convulsions of the whole body, [12].
► Convulsions, lasting four hours, [43]. ►
Convulsions, that constantly recur at shorter intervals (eighth, ninth,
and tenth days), [47]. [3650.] ►
Convulsions, returning from time to time, followed by deep sighing, and
on waking, pains in the limbs and in the epigastric region, [35]. ►
Hypochondrium seemed distended and tympanitic; on moderate pressure
gurgling sounds in various parts of the abdomen; pressure in the
umbilical region seemed to cause pain; retention of stool and
suppression of urine; even on the next day the left side was more
affected by paroxysms than the right; sometimes they assumed a tonic, at
other times a clonic character; on the sixth day, the muscles of the
left side of the face only were affected; there was not only
opisthotonos, but also sometimes emprosthotonos and pleurothotonos; the
tonic spasms always occurred suddenly, as with a shock, affected
especially the muscles of the face, neck, trunk, and extremities at the
same time; the head became drawn towards the left side and fixed as
above described, the muscles of the shoulder and nape of the neck drew
up the shoulder; the left arm and left foot were so violently stretched
out that the joints creaked; the muscles of the left half of the face
were drawn down so that the lips were closed, and the left corner of the
mouth drawn downward, and the left cartilage of the nose drawn to the
left side; the attack generally lasted about two minutes and suddenly
ceased; the clonic spasms affected all the muscles of the face; they
usually occurred after the close of the atonic spasms, sometimes,
however, preceded it, were characterized by trembling and twitching
affecting the orbicularis palpebrarum and corrugator superciliorum, and
also the levator labii, and sup. alæ nasi, the depressor alæ nasi and
levator of the upper lip, zygomata, and risorius muscles; trismus I did
not observe; closure of the mouth was effected by the orbicularis oris;
at times also twitching of platysma myoides, [328]. ► Four
or five convulsive efforts daily, characterized by spasms, during which
the patient lost consciousness for half an hour or an hour, without
frothing from the mouth, [35]. ► Every day or two he has an attack of
spasmodic contraction of the flexor and adductor muscles; his legs are
forcibly flexed on the thighs, and the thighs on the abdomen, and
sometimes one leg is drawn over the other; his arms are drawn so
forcibly against his chest that it is impossible to raise them, and the
forearms and wrists are forcibly flexed; the muscles of the neck,
particularly the sterno-cleido-mastoid, draw the head clear down upon
the thorax, and greatly to one side, and occasionally the head is jerked
from side to side; during these attacks he is perfectly conscious, but
if he attempts to talk, he stutters and makes peculiar indistinct
sounds, but cannot articulate; he also makes a groaning sound, which he
says is involuntary; during the attacks of spasm, he suffers intolerable
pain, and is left completely prostrated when they are over; during his
worst attacks, the pulse does not exceed 80 beats per minute, and
generally it is about 65, full and steady. The rectus abdominis, upon
each side, contracts so as to be prominent and hard almost as bone, and
all the muscles attached to the ribs contract so forcibly as to draw
them in, and produce such pressure upon them as to cause him to
frequently cry out that they are breaking, [499]. ►
Convulsive tremulous movements of the muscles, [28]. ►
Frequent spasmodic flexion of the arm and right leg, with automatic
movements of the left hand to the head, shortly before death, [339]. ►
Convulsions, with loss of consciousness, [498].
► Uræmic convulsions, with
distortions of the eyes and opisthotonos and complete loss of
consciousness, with a puffy face; the spasms were repeated with
increasing frequency, followed by slow respiration, sinking of the pulse
to 36, [429]. ► Suddenly, while at work, without
precursory symptoms, he was seized by violent convulsions, followed by
profound coma, [200]. ► One patient had convulsions and vertigo,
several times, [266]. [3660.] ►
Every now and then, there came on a genuine paroxysm, accompanied by
violent cramps in the legs and retraction of the testes toward the
inguinal ring, [252]. ► Drinking seemed to hasten the return of
the paroxysms; hence, though very thirsty, he dared not drink often, [212]. ►
Slight convulsive seizures every five minutes, while in a state of the
most profound coma. At last he succumbed, after a violent attack, which
continued almost fifteen minutes, [198].
► Sometimes a tendency to universal
convulsions, [65]. ► Convulsive seizures, with loss of
consciousness, [521]. ► Fell without consciousness (after a
quarter of an hour), [268]. ► May determine in children, convulsions,
idiocy, imbecility, and epilepsy, [452].
► The limbs became quite rigid; jaws
spasmodically closed; during these attacks, which lasted about ten
minutes, the patient was unable to stand; chilliness at the close of the
attack, [274]. ► He fell to the ground unconscious, [90]. ►
Opisthotonos, [63], [575]. [3670.]
► Rigidity and tetanus, [56]. ►
Two or three crises during the day, with prickings in the skin, and
contractions of the jaw and of the limbs; violent supraorbital pain,
twitching and constriction in the temples (first day); the spasmodic
cries more frequent, but less violent; tingling in the limbs (first
night), [268]. ► All movement, also standing, was
impossible for about six minutes while the crisis lasted, [268]. ►
Between the attacks he lay quiet; his features much sunken and
expressing great anxiety. The pain is dull and benumbing. The paroxysms
returned at very irregular intervals, [219].
► Between the paroxysms he usually
lay on his belly, with his eyes closed, and avoided the slightest
movement, [222]. ► Between the attacks, he lay with closed
eyes, silent and motionless, for fear of renewing the pain, [209]. ►
Between the paroxysms, still restless; the pain, though less acute, was
still overpowering, [211]. ► During the intervals of quiet, which were
of very irregular occurrence, she lay tired out and almost motionless,
with closed eyes, and not daring to move or even answer questions, for
fear of renewing the paroxysms, [218].
► General paralysis, [38], [53],
[60]. ►
General paralysis and deficient nutrition, followed by death, [42]. [3680.]
► Complete paralysis of the muscles, [28]. ►
Syncope, [55]. ►► Paralysis, [9], [23], [39], [41],
[52], [290]. ► As
the paralysis appeared the spasmodic pain in the abdomen disappeared (in
many cases), [12]. ► Paralysis, commencing in slight numbness
of the parts, and trembling, terminating in loss of motion and atrophy, [305]. ►
Motor and sensory paralysis affecting chiefly the whole right side of
the body, [483]. ► The paralysis equal on both sides, [141]. ►
Electro-muscular contractility much diminished on both sides, [396]. ►
One-sided paralysis, [53]. [In a
child who often walked over hot sheets of lead with bare feet.] ► Paralysis of the whole left side of the
body, [579]. [3690.] ►
Some years later, he had a second attack of dextral hemiplegia, which
especially affected the upper part of the body, [470]. ► Motor
and sensory paralysis, chiefly on the right side of the body, [476]. ►
The paralysis is much worse on the left side; the right wrist is hardly
at all affected, [150]. ► Left-sided hemiplegia, with contraction
of the left hand and distortion of the face, towards the right, [575]. ►
The paralysis is rather worse on the right side than the left, [140]. ►
Great difficulty in moving himself in bed; so that he remains lying on
his back; all other movements of limbs and body are as easy as usual, [143]. ►
Lies on his back, sometimes turned one way, sometimes another; motion is
freely performed, only the right extensor comm. digit. being paralyzed, [196]. ►
Muscular movements are difficult, [44].
► Seriously ill for the last twelve
months, and had never been well for more than five years. He was totally
unable, from want of muscular power, either to walk, turn round in bed,
dress, or feed himself; this had been his condition for several months;
he persisted in the idea that he was laboring under suppressed gout, [491]. ►
Locomotor ataxy, especially when his eyes are shut, yet his muscular
strength is undiminished; his leg cannot be bent upon the thigh, [529]. [3700.] ►
(Attacks of colic; then suddenly motor and sensory paralysis of the
upper part of the right half of the body, upper limb, and face.
Epileptic seizures. Another attack of paralysis, limited like the first
to the right upper limb and right half of the face, including the
tongue. Four epileptic attacks. Face œdematous), [487]. ►
Paralysis; the tongue and muscles on the right side being partially
involved, and the right arm and right leg; completely, [536]. ►
Transient paralysis, with immobility of the arms and legs, inability to
talk, and insensibility of the limbs, [80].
► Transient paralytic attack, [26]. ►
Paralysis, involving both sides; more the right than the left, and not
entirely limited to the upper extremities, though chiefly there found, [534]. ►
No local paralysis; sensibility unimpaired, [399]. ►
Paralysis of the right side, with curvature of the spine, [38]. ► Very
general paralysis; he could not move either arms or legs, so that he was
wholly unable to get out of bed, [553].
► The right side became more and more
feeble; mobility of the upper extremities very much diminished,
associated with some atrophy of the muscles of the posterior portion of
the upper arm, with very limited extension of the hand; sensibility of
the arm to touch and temperature also diminished; of the lower
extremities the right limb was very feeble, so that walking was very
difficult; the right lower extremity was affected with anæsthesia, like
that of the right side of the trunk, right arm, and right side of the
face, corresponding exactly to the median line of the body; there was
diminished sensibility of the right side of the tongue; the reflex
movements in the throat were almost entirely abolished; the voice was
nasal and speech very indistinct, [496].
► No amount of effort produced the
slightest movement in the large dorsal or pectoral muscles, or in those
of the shoulders, arms, forearms, and hands; although after great and
long-continued exertion, he succeeded by the action of the trapezius in
raising his shoulders a little, [144].
[3710.] ►
Eventually all muscular power seemed to leave her, and she tumbled from
the chair in which she was sitting to the floor. I noticed that there
seemed to be not so much a loss of muscular power as proper
co-ordination; and, although if shaken and spoken to loudly, she would
answer questions intelligently, immediately afterwards she lapsed back
into stupor, [357]. ► First attack of lead colic, six years
ago, severe. Eight or ten days thereafter, paralysis of the hands; could
not lift them. This had been preceded by slight cramps in the fingers,
which came on before the colic and lasted about fifteen days. Wandering
pain throughout the body generally, now here, now there. Second attack
four years ago; suddenly taken with colic and cramps; paralysis of the
extensors remained. Third attack three years ago; increased paralysis,
which remained. Fourth attack, one year ago; paralysis unchanged. Fifth
attack, fifteen days ago; very severe colic; increase of paralysis, [523]. ►
A certain degree of hemiplegia on the left side, [385]. ►
Painful stiffness on movement, [475].
► The right side is weaker than the
left, [525]. ►
He began painting at the age of sixteen years, and left it off to enter
the army at the age of twenty-one, without having felt the slightest
symptom of lead-poisoning. While still in the latter service, at the age
of twenty-three or twenty-four, he suddenly felt, during a violent fit
of sneezing, a cracking in the right side of the head; and immediately
after was taken with formication and numbness in the whole right side of
the body, together with weakness of these parts. All these complaints
gradually got better, and when his term of service was ended, they had
entirely disappeared, [470]. ► Lead palsy begins with a simple numbness
or slight tremor, and ends with a complete loss of the power of
movement. The degree of this loss bears no proportion to the extent of
the paralysis. Saturnine tremor is rather a slight agitation, than a
visible contraction and expansion of the muscles. It is never
accompanied by that perceptible and almost spasmodic action which
characterizes mercurial tremor. This affection really constitutes the
first stage of lead palsy; it is connected with a marked weakness of
muscular contraction. When the parts affected by tremor are put in
motion, their muscles seem to hesitate or oscillate in their
contractions, which are short-lasting, and doubtfully performed.
Moreover there is always complaint of weakness in the parts affected by
tremor, even when there is no fully developed paralysis. Upon saturnine
tremor, when it has lasted some time, there almost always supervenes a
complete paralysis of one or more muscles of the affected-parts. The
tremor is almost always restricted to a part or the whole of one limb,
rarely affecting two at once; but it may involve both the upper and
lower extremities, the lips, tongue, or vocal apparatus, [117]. ► The
paralysis, though incomplete, is widespread, and the external muscles
are wasted and very soft; those of the upper extremities are most
affected, [562]. ► About a month before he was seized with
colic, followed by palsy of the forearm extensors, and of the lower
extremities, and when first seen he had the characters of general
paralysis of the insane. He could not lift the feet from the ground.
Then followed bilateral facial spasms, trismus, frequent spasmodic
jerkings of the upper limbs, the flexors of which were firm and rigid,
while the lower limbs were rigidly extended, [544]. ► A
condition of increasing chloro-anæmia, with nervous erethism, [364]. [3720.]
► *General debility, [171], [351],
[370], [483], [562].
► Such debility that he could hardly
stand up, [474]. ► Debility extraordinary, with constant
fainting spells; she could not rise up without swooning, [402]. ►
Debility almost immediately, [268].
► General debility, preventing him
from standing up, [484]. ► General debility, and painful lassitude, [477]. ►
General debility, and special weakness of the lower limbs, [468]. ►
Obliged to lie on the bed the greater part of the day on account of
excessive debility, [458]. ► *Great debility, [215], [485].
► Increasing debility and loss of
flesh, [560]. [3730.] ►
Increasing debility, [537]. ► The emaciation is accompanied by more or
less debility, [117]. ► After any excess, the debility is
increased, and the paralyzed limbs are even affected by a slight tremor,
[139]. ►
He feels that he is debilitated. Can hardly lift a chair with his right
hand. The left hand is much less affected. Frequently a feeling in the
fingers, especially those of the right hand, of numbness and
formication, lasting a few moments, and followed by a rather painful
pricking sensation, [530]. ► General feebleness, with trembling of the
limbs, [497]. ► Very feeble, [373]. ► All
bodily movements are slow, difficult, and somewhat painful, [195]. ►
Moves only when necessary, and very slowly, [201]. ► Great
prostration at twilight; he lies down, feels the beating of the pulse,
becomes hot in the face, that burns in several spots, without sweat and
thirst; with trembling of the hands and vertigo, as if the couch moved,
renewed by thinking of it, with sensitiveness to noise; he at last falls
asleep and wakes after three hours with a weary prostration, that
disappears after moving about; there, however, remains dulness in the
head and a bruised feeling in the small of the back, [3]. ► General
prostration, with great weakness of the extremities, [69]. [3740.]
► Extreme exhaustion, [12], [18].
[From the internal use of sugar of lead.] ►►
*General prostration, [334],
[466], [476], [479],
[481], [531]. ► *Great
prostration, [73], [235], [278],
[354], [385], [369].
► In the more aggravated cases, great
prostration and collapse, [267]. ► Appears prostrated, profoundly anæmic, [319]. ►
Prostration; he lies down, feels a beating in the neck and abdomen, and
can sleep but little (first day), [3].
► On rising in the morning, often
(not always) completely enervated, with neither energy, strength, nor
courage, [297]. ► The prostration, weakness, sleepiness,
pains that follow, in direct contrast to the general feeling of health
noticed the first day, seem to be extraordinarily agreeable; during the
primary action it was cold and wet, during the secondary action it was
the finest spring weather, [3]. ► If he puts himself out in any way he
shakes violently, “like a leaf on a tree,” and his gait
becomes unsteady and jerky, [563].
► Collapse and syncope, almost
immediately, [229]. [3750.] ►
Weakness and trembling, [52]. ► Unusually weak and relaxed after motion, [3]. ►
Easily became fatigued, on walking (fifth day), [3]. ►
Weakness and loss of sensation after the convulsions, with weak and slow
pulse, [47]. ►
She could not sit up in bed or extend her arm fully, [343]. ► Sense
of great weakness and depression, [445].
► Continually complained of excessive
weariness; all exercise was fatiguing, [331].
► Gradual loss of strength, [519]. ►
But little strength, and is barely able to sit in a chair or walk across
the room, [499]. ► Weakness and loss of power with loss of
sensation, [27]. [3760.] ►
Feels very weary and indolent, [42],
[239]. ►
Considerable weakness (of the affected parts); according to Duchenne’s
dynamometer, the compressive force of the right hand is equal to 6
kilogr.; that of the left hand to 8 kilogr.; pulling force, 43 1/2
kilogr., [399]. ► Such weakness of the muscular system
generally as almost precluded the patient from walking, or even standing
for any length of time, [232]. ► Weakness, fatigue (second day), [268]. ►
Slight diminution of compressive and pulling strength, as estimated by
the dynamometer, [397]. ► All his movements are slow and feeble, [138]. ►
Malaise, [312]. ► Languor, [371].
► Languor so complete as to unfit
them for any exertion, [446]. ► Great languor and lassitude, [316]. [3770.]
► General languor, [70]. ►►
Lassitude, [209], [457], [459],
[383]. ►
Painful lassitude, [478]. ► General painful lassitude, [479]. ►►
Faintness, [32], [28]. [Effects of large doses.] ► Frequent faintings, [276]. ►
Frequently seized with a sensation of faintness and præcordial
uneasiness, as of impending dissolution, [558].
► Faintness, [232], [429],
[277], [567], [584].
► Attacks of faintness, frequently
lasting an hour, [109]. ► Occasional fits of restlessness, [562]. [3780.]
► Generally restless,
[297]. ►
Exceeding restlessness for the last two nights, [97]. ►
Extreme restlessness, [85], [549]. ►
Incessant tossing about the bed, without being able to find rest, [326]. ►
Turns himself about in bed, [223].
► Nervous restlessness, [287]. ►►
Uneasiness, [233]. ► Constantly tossing about, [120]. ►
Although the pains are aggravated by motion, he is constantly seeking
relief by changing his position, [132].
► During the paroxysms, he is
restless, bends double, lies upon his abdomen, screams, etc., [194]. [3790.]
► Extreme restlessness, [208]. ►
Restless; rolling himself up in the bedclothes; lying on his belly, etc.
(during the paroxysms). Pain a mere constriction, but increased by
pressure (between the paroxysms), [203].
► During the remissions, which
occurred only at long intervals, he had very little repose, but was not
so extravagant in his manifestations, [217].
► Constant change of position; he
doubles himself up, but avoids lying on the abdomen, and any pressure on
the latter somewhat aggravates, [215].
► Sometimes with his head almost on
the floor, his feet tangled in the bedclothes, and his hands grasping
the rails, he kept up a sort of rocking movement, [223]. ►
During the paroxysms, he kept turning himself in bed, but with
difficulty, on account of his great corpulence. He often tried lying on
his belly, but could not remain long in that position, as it suffocated
him; he threw his limbs about and cried out at times, [220]. ► The
slightest touch of the skin over the umbilicus, and indeed over other
parts of the body, produced such terrific pain as almost to throw him
into convulsions, producing all the effects of an electric shock, [271]. ►
Hyperæsthesia of the skin, [429],
[573]. ►
Excessive hyperæsthesia
of the cutaneous nerves, at times so great that it was impossible to
lightly touch the surface of the body without the most violent pain,
accompanied by crying and weeping, but deep pressure relieved the pain;
the sensitiveness was not constant nor general, but affected sometimes
one part, sometimes another, and sometimes disappeared entirely and
returned without apparent cause; it seemed especially violent over the
bony processes, as for example, on the spinous processes of the dorsal
vertebræ, [326]. ► The surface of the body was affected with
an excessive hyperæsthesia, so much so that it was often impossible to
touch even slightly the skin of the chest, abdomen, back, face, and
superior or inferior extremities, without forcing tears or cries from
the sufferers. This hyperæsthesia was only superficial, and was much
more excited by a slight touch than by hard pressure; thus, if instead
of touching the abdomen with the end of my little finger, I applied
firmly my open hands, far from increasing the pain, it lessened it. This
increased sensibility of the cutaneous system was neither constant nor
general; it was excited sometimes in one part of the body, sometimes in
another; at times it would become less, and now and then entirely
disappeared, to reappear soon after without any ascertainable cause, [266]. [3800.] ►
Paralyzed parts very sensitive to cold, [161].
► He immediately feels the slightest
prick anywhere on the left side, [466].
► Entire loss of cutaneous
sensibility in the hypogastrium and iliac regions; also in the penis,
scrotum, and upper two-thirds of the thighs. Pressure on the hypogastric
region causes pain, which is not the case with the other insensible
parts. The skin of the affected parts is insensible to pricking
pinching, etc., but pain is felt when a pin a thrust deeply in, or the
muscles are pinched, [162]. ► Complete analgesia over the entire
surface. Sensitiveness when tickled, which is normally very acute, is
considerably diminished, but not abolished. It is diminished in the
palms of the hands, especially of the left. In the soles of the feet he
scarcely feels any amount of tickling; although, before working in white
lead, he was so sensitive to it, that it would make him jump
immediately, [474]. ► Complete anæsthesia of the right arm,
for both contact and temperature; this anæsthesia extended over the
right side of the face and right lower extremity, [498]. ►
Diminished sensibility over the whole body, [570]. ►►
Anæsthesia, [562]. ► The entire surface of the body was
deprived of sensibility, [465]. ► Loss of sensation and motion, [13]. ►
Insensibility to burning of the whole right side. But a small blister,
applied over the middle of the forepart of the insensible right thigh,
gave rise to pain in that spot, [476].
[3810.] ►
Out of one hundred and two cases of motor-paralysis, anæsthesia of the
affected parts was observed in five cases, and arthralgia in eight. In
three cases out of the five, the paralytic anæsthesia seemed to involve
the deepest tissues of the limbs; the muscles, as well as the skin,
appearing insensible to all stimuli. In the two remaining cases, the
loss of sensibility was confined to the skin, the patients complaining
of violent pain deep within the limbs. Thus, paralysis may be
accompanied at the same time by both anæsthesia and hyperæsthesia.
When only hyperæsthesia coexists with motor paralysis, the pain is
referred to the skin, the muscles, or even the bones, [117]. ►
Complete absence of pain when pricked, in the right side (right limbs,
and right half of the face and trunk). Quite a deep prick with a pin
causes only a feeling as of a heavy touch, [466]. ► Loss
of sensibility to tickling in the whole right side of the body, [476]. ►
The affected members are in an almost complete state of anæsthesia, [385]. ►
Insensibility to pricking in the right hard, lower half of right
forearm, and right cheek; diminished sensibility to pricking in all the
rest of the right half of the body, and lower half of left forearm. Loss
of sensibility to burning in the right hand only; burning is only felt
as a warmth, [487]. ► Insensibility to pricking, of the right
upper limb (excepting the shoulder), and of the right foot, right leg,
and lower third of right thigh. Diminished sensibility to pricking, of
the right side of the face, right shoulder, and upper two-thirds of the
right thigh; also of the left upper limb. The transition from entire to
partial insensibility takes place abruptly, and along the line of
junction of the lower third with the upper two-thirds of the right
thigh, corresponding exactly with the lower border of the patient’s
shirt, [476]. ► Sensibility to temperature notably
diminished in the right side, especially in the right upper extremity, [476]. ►
No perception of temperature anywhere on the right side; the right foot,
when resting uncovered on the ground, does not feel cold, as the left
foot does, under the same circumstances, [466].
► Sensibility to temperature is less
on the right forearm, and also on the left side of the face, which is
the one most affected with anæsthesia, [471].
► Diminished sensibility to
temperature in the whole right side, [487].
[3820.] ►
Little sensibility to temperature in the whole right side, face,
forearm, and lower limb, [472]. ► Sensibility to pricking generally
lessened, but nowhere completely abolished, [516]. ►
Sensitiveness to pricking, pinching, and burning, on right hand and
dorsal surface of right forearm, on the right cheek, back of left hand,
and palmar surface of left fingers, [488].
► Less sensitive to tickling on the
right side, [471]. ► Diminished sensibility of the hands,
especially their dorsal surfaces, and of the left hand. In the forearms,
the insensibility is greater on the palmar surface, and especially in
the left forearm. Above the elbow the tactile sensibility is much less
affected. On the left fingers and forearm, the pressure of the upper
point only of the æsthesiometer is perceived. Anterior surface of left
arm, 100 mm. Tactile sensibility of lower limbs unimpaired.
Insensibility to pricking of the right thumb, the palm or surface of the
right fingers, and the right palm of the palmar surface of the left
fingers, and of the palm and back of the left hand. Diminished
sensitiveness to pricking on the dorsal surface of the fingers of both
hands, especially the left, also on both forearms; from thence it
gradually diminishes towards the shoulders. Slightly diminished
sensitiveness to pricking over the rest of the body. Immediate analgesia
(or an algesia, properly so called), when burned, together with
consecutive analgesia, or anodynia of the hands. Burning is only felt as
a warmth, and causes no pain afterwards, though it has raised a blister.
Diminished sensitiveness to burning on the forearms. General absence of
sensibility when tickled. The upper limbs are insensible to changes of
temperature, [485]. ► Very considerable loss of sensibility in
right hand and right forearm, as far as two fingers’ breadth below the
bend of the elbow (as far as he plunged his arm into the liquid white
lead). Less want of sensibility in the remainder of the right upper arm
and in the right half of the face. He did not feel both points of the
æsthesiometer until they were applied to the upper arm. Not much loss
of sensibility in the right upper arm; and it became less and less along
the forearm towards the bend of the elbow, [487]. ►
Diminished sensibility in the arms, shoulders, and lower limbs, so that
they feel only one point of the æsthesiometer; less diminished in the
rest of the body, but more in the right than left side, [488]. ►
Notable diminution of the sensibility to temperature all over the body, [474]. ►
Diminished sensibility to temperature on the whole right side,
especially the back of the right hand and forearm, and on the right leg;
also in the sternal region, [481].
► Electric irritability of the right
side very much diminished, [496]. [3830.] ►
Sensibility to touch slightly diminished, [529].
► Sensibility more impaired on the
right side of the body, generally, than on the left, [525]. ►
Diminished sensibility to pain in the shoulders and arms, but especially
in the lower limbs and face, [488].
► Tactile sensibility is diminished
in the whole right side of the body, and especially in the upper limb,
where, when two points are applied to the surface at some distance
apart, he feels only one of them, [466].
► Diminished sensibility to pricking
and burning, amounting almost to analgesia, on the right hand and
forearm; less on the palmar surface of the right wrist and forearm, and
the right arm. Slightly diminished sensibility to the same, on the left
hand, and dorsal surface of the left wrist and forearm. Diminished
sensibility to painful impressions on the right side of the trunk and on
the front of the chest, corresponding to the part of the shirt worn
during work, [481]. ► Diminished tactile sensibility of the
upper limbs, especially the right, of the right side of the face, and on
the right lower limb. It is more marked on the dorsal than on the palmar
surface of the forearms, [481]. ► Diminished sensibility on the whole right side
of the body, [472], [470], [476].
► Insensibility of several scattered
portions of the body, [395]. ► Occasional impairment of the senses, [294]. ►
Slight analgesia of the right half of the body, especially the forearm
and hand. The right cornea can be touched without causing pain. The left
cornea has very little sensibility, [472].
[3840.] ►
Tickling also is much less felt on the right side, [470]. ►
Perversion of sensibility; pricking imparts a sensation of rubbing;
pinching, a sensation as if touched, [527].
► Feeling of numbness in the
insensible parts, [139]. ► Feeling of faintness, relieved by food;
often felt very faint, in morning, [538].
► Has been suffering from occasional
sensations of faintness, on ascending stairs, or taking any undue
exertion, [340]. ► Between the paroxysms, he had a feeling
of burning and compression, [120].
► Sensation as if she were seated in
cold water as far as the abdomen, immediately followed by heat of the
abdomen, frequently (after two hours and a half), [4]. ► Feeling
as if liquid ice ran through his veins, [136].
► Feeling as if his bones were being
gnawed, [136]. ► Soreness of the muscles generally, [70]. [3850.]
► Walking, or even standing still,
brings on the cramps, which are characterized by a forcible and
permanent contraction of all the affected parts, perceptible to both
sight and touch; these cramps are exceedingly painful; they are somewhat
diminished by pressure, and increased by motion of the limb, which
motion they restrict; so that when they come on he has to go to bed, or
lean against something. When lying down, he can move his limbs freely,
excepting when the cramp comes on. The lancinations and cramps are more
acute behind the knee-joint than anywhere else. Cold water compresses
afford temporary relief. Not a wink of sleep, either by day or night, [130]. ►
Crampy paroxysms every quarter of an hour, with severe pain, and a
feeling of icy coldness, which passes like lightning from the groin to
the leg, without involving the posterior portion of the thigh. If, when
these attacks come on, he is standing leaning on a cane, he falls to the
ground. This pain, though so deeply seated that he thinks it is in the
bones, seems to be diminished by strong pressure. Between the paroxysms,
there is a feeling of constriction in the limb, [167]. ► In
the more aggravated cases, universal cramps and numbness, [267]. ►
Frequent painful cramps in the paralyzed muscles, [508]. ► The
tingling, the cramps return still every few minutes, but at longer
intervals, and they are, moreover, less severe (third day), [1]. ►
Slight cramps at long intervals, [471].
► After a time he became troubled,
more and more, with neuralgic pains in all parts of the body, sometimes
so severe as to be almost unendurable, [499].
► The colic and neuralgic pains in
the thighs, arms, and thorax, had become so severe that he was unable to
sleep much at night, groaning and twisting himself continually, [280]. ►
Arthralgic and neuralgic pains about the trunk and extremities, [302]. ►►
Arthralgia, [290], [396], [502],
[503]. [3860.]
► Chronic myalgia, [503]. ►
Severe paroxysms of pain, [316]. ► Pain comes in paroxysms, [305]. ►
Intervals of comparative ease are followed by such intense paroxysms of
pain that the patient loses all self-control; shrieks violently, and
cries like a child, [315]. ► Crawling pains by paroxysms, internally,
in the bones, recurring from time to time, very violent, especially in
the left thigh, above the knee, and in the left forearm; in the left
thumb, dull and frequent, [3]. ► The pains intermit for a longer or
shorter time, and return in intermittent paroxysms, [28]. ►
Subject to rheumatic pains (muscular) for some years, [459]. ►
Almost constant, dull, bruised pains, or, at times, pricking and
formication, followed by numbness, in the paralyzed parts; they are also
very sensitive to cold, which aggravates the pain, [145]. ►
Compared the pain to a feeling of boring, as with an anger, [217]. ►
Bruising, and sometimes gnawing pains, in the affected parts, [138]. [3870.]
► Dull fugitive pains, [203]. ►
*Wandering pains, [258].
► Exceedingly acute lacerating pains
all through the limbs, loins, back, and walls of the chest; they are
worse at intervals, both during and between the paroxysms of colic, and
give rise to extreme agitation; they are slightly diminished by
pressure, and sensibly increased by movement, so that he tries to keep
as quiet as possible; but during the paroxysms, not knowing what to do
to ease himself, he assumes all sorts of positions. These pains, which
are unaccompanied by swelling or redness, are worse in the lower limbs,
and especially the knees, in the forepart of the thigh, and in the soles
of the feet. They are felt all through the limbs. There are no cramps,
and motion is unimpaired, [182]. ► The pain in the paralyzed parts is
sometimes lancinating, sometimes contusive; it is increased by motion
and pressure, [141]. ► Severe lancinating superficial pains in
several parts of the body, such as in the scalp and the thoracic
parietes, [266]. ► Violent pains, convulsions, delirium, and
copious stool, at night, [35]. ► Violent pain, [85], [298],
[490]. ►
Great pain in lower part of body, [228].
► *Severe shooting pains through the body,
[271]. [3880.]
► From the balls of both thumbs,
which were much atrophied, excruciating pains would arise, shooting with
great severity up his arms and shoulders, to the back of his neck and
head, [271]. ►
The pain in the head, thorax, inside of the arms and thighs, was, at
times, so intense as to produce furious delirium, [290]. ► Feels
pain in the bones, [154]. ► *Pains all over; sometimes they appeared in one
place, and sometimes in another; but when she moved, she
complained of its hurting her everywhere, [303].
►► *Pain in trunk and limbs,
[322]. ►
Pain presents very various characters in the same case, at various
moments, rapidly changing, [305]. ► Pains throughout the body for the last
seven years, [357]. ► Pains in the muscles and joints,
especially of the right side, [476].
► The power of movement is retained,
but its free exercise is prevented by pain, which, during the paroxysms,
is so great that, at times, he is unable to stand up, [133]. ► Pain
in left side (after one year), [261].
[3890.] ►
Pains over the body generally, [281].
► Pains were not severe, but
constant, and aggravated from time to time, so as to cause the patient
to cry out (after three weeks), [78].
► Pains not increased by pressure or
motion, [236]. ► He tried every position in order to
relieve the pains without obstructing respiration; sat up, left his bed,
walked about, etc., [213]. ► The only time he is free from pain, is
when he can be perfectly still in bed, [499].
► Drinking aggravated her symptoms, [402]. ►
Pains worst during the night, [310].
► Pressure relieves the pain, and
cold increases it, [103]. ► During the paroxysms, pressure gave some
relief; between them, it rather aggravated the pain, [211]. ► The
pain is constant; is aggravated by the least degree of coldness, by
forced movements, and by pressure, [138].
[3900.] ► Friction and strong pressure give a
little temporary relief, [128]. ► Some apparent relief by drinking, [208]. ►
Pressure relieved somewhat, [217].
► Drinking has no effect on the pains
or vomiting, [223]. ► No pains at night, [4]. ► All
symptoms disappear at night, [4].

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